Table 6.

Effect of ADL training, exercise training, and the combined training (PADL) on QoL and ADL at different time points

Outcome measures	Model	ADL vs controla				Exercise vs controlb				PADL vs SCO
		T1 n = 40/36		T2 n = 33/32		T1 n = 39/37		T2 n = 32/33		T1 n = 21/18		T2 n = 16/16
		Beta (95% CI)	p-value	Beta (95% CI)	p-value	Beta (95% CI)	p-value	Beta (95% CI)	p-value	Beta (95% CI)	p-value	Beta (95% CI)	p-value
ADL	Cru	0.4 (−0.2, 0.9)	0.17	0.4 (−0.2, 0.9)	0.24	−0.3 (−0.9, 0.2)	0.27	−0.3 (−0.9, 0.3)	0.31	0.1 (−0.7, 0.8)	0.86	0.0 (−0.8, 0.8)	0.96
	Adj	0.4 (−0.1, 0.9)	0.14	0.4 (−0.2, 0.9)	0.21	−0.5 (−1.0, 0.1)	0.10	−0.4 (−1.0, 0.2)	0.14	−0.0 (−0.8, 0.8)	0.95	−0.1 (−0.9, 0.8)	0.87
Qualidem
Care relationship	Cru	1.5 (−0.2, 3.2)	0.08	2.6 (0.8, 4.4)	0.004**	0.0 (−1.8, 1.8)	0.99	−0.5 (−2.4, 1.3)	0.57	1.5 (−0.9, 3.9)	0.22	2.1 (−0.5, 4.6)	0.11
	Adj	1.5 (−0.2, 3.2)	0.09	2.6 (0.8, 4.4)	0.005*	0.1 (−1.8, 1.9)	0.95	−0.5 (−2.4, 1.4)	0.63	1.6 (−0.9, 4.1)	0.21	2.2 (−0.5, 4.8)	0.11
Positive affect	Cru	0.6 (−0.7, 1.9)	0.36	0.4 (−0.9, 1.9)	0.54	−0.6 (−1.9, 0.8)	0.40	−0.7 (−2.1, 0.7)	0.31	0.1 (−1.8, 1.9)	0.95	−0.3 (−2.3, 1.7)	0.78
	Adj	0.7 (−0.6, 2.0)	0.29	0.6 (−0.8, 2.0)	0.41	−0.3 (−1.7, 1.0)	0.63	−0.5 (−1.9, 1.0)	0.53	0.4 (−1.5, 2.2)	0.69	0.1 (−1.9, 2.1)	0.91
Negative affect	Cru	−0.2 (−1.1, 0.7)	0.70	0.9 (−0.0, 1.9)	0.05*	−0.5 (−1.4, 0.4)	0.24	0.0 (−0.9, 1.0)	0.96	−0.6 (−1.9, 0.6)	0.31	1.0 (−0.3, 2.3)	0.14
	Adj	−0.1 (−1.0, 0.7)	0.75	1.0 (0.0, 1.9)	0.04*	−0.7 (−1.6, 0.2)	0.12	−0.2 (−1.2, 0.7)	0.67	−0.8 (−2.0, 0.4)	0.20	0.8 (−0.6, 2.1)	0.26
Restless tense behavior	Cru	0.0 (−1.4, 1.5)	0.95	0.3 (−1.3, 1.8)	0.73	−0.2 (−1.3, 0.9)	0.68	−0.2 (−1.3, 1.0)	0.79	−0.0 (−1.5, 1.5)	0.99	0.3 (−1.3, 1.9)	0.69
	Adj	0.1 (−1.4, 1.6)	0.90	0.3 (−1.2, 1.9)	0.67	−0.2 (−1.3, 0.9)	0.68	−0.2 (−1.3, 1.0)	0.77	0.0 (−1.5, 1.6)	0.96	0.4 (−1.3, 2.0)	0.66
Positive self-image	Cru	−0.1 (−0.9, 0.7)	0.82	1.4 (0.5, 2.2)	0.002**	0.3 (−0.6, 1.1)	0.54	0.3 (−0.6, 1.2)	0.46	0.2 (−1.0, 1.3)	0.77	1.7 (0.5, 2.9)	0.007*
	Adj	−0.1 (−0.9, 0.7)	0.88	1.4 (0.6, 2.3)	0.002**	0.2 (−0.7, 1.0)	0.71	0.2 (−0.7, 1.1)	0.65	0.1 (−1.0, 1.3)	0.84	1.6 (0.4, 2.9)	0.01*
Social relations	Cru	0.6 (−0.8, 1.9)	0.42	−0.0 (−1.5, 1.4)	0.96	−0.4 (−1.8, 0.9)	0.52	−0.9 (−2.3, 0.5)	0.23	0.1 (−1.7, 1.9)	0.91	−0.9 (−2.9, 1.0)	0.35
	Adj	0.7 (−0.7, 2.0)	0.35	0.1 (−1.4, 1.5)	0.90	−0.3 (−1.7, 1.1)	0.67	−0.7 (−2.1, 0.7)	0.33	0.3 (−1.6, 2.2)	0.72	−0.7 (−2.7, 1.4)	0.53
Social isolation	Cru	0.7 (−0.6, 2.0)	0.26	0.7 (−0.6, 2.0)	0.27	−0.1 (−0.9, 0.7)	0.78	0.2 (−0.6, 1.0)	0.68	0.8 (−0.4, 1.9)	0.18	1.1 (−0.1, 2.3)	0.08
	Adj	0.8 (−0.6, 2.1)	0.23	0.8 (−0.6, 2.1)	0.24	−0.0 (−0.8, 0.8)	0.95	0.3 (−0.6, 1.1)	0.55	0.9 (−0.3, 2.1)	0.13	1.2 (−0.0, 2.5)	0.06
Feeling at home	Cru	1.3 (0.1, 2.5)	0.03*	2.1 (0.9, 3.4)	0.001**	−0.9 (−2.0, 0.3)	0.13	0.1 (−1.2, 1.4)	0.89	0.6 (−1.1, 2.2)	0.51	2.1 (0.4, 3.9)	0.02*
	Adj	1.3 (0.1, 2.5)	0.03*	2.1 (0.9, 3.4)	0.001**	−0.9 (−2.1, 0.3)	0.13	−0.1 (−1.4, 1.3)	0.93	0.5 (−1.2, 2.2)	0.56	2.1 (0.2, 3.9)	0.03*
Having something to do	Cru	−0.2 (−0.9, 0.5)	0.59	−0.5 (−1.3, 0.2)	0.16	−0.1 (−0.8, 0.6)	0.77	−0.0 (−0.8, 0.7)	0.93	−0.3 (−1.2, 0.7)	0.59	−0.6 (−1.6, 0.5)	0.29
	Adj	−0.2 (−0.9, 0.5)	0.65	−0.5 (−1.2, 0.3)	0.21	−0.0 (−0.7, 0.7)	0.93	−0.0 (−0.7, 0.8)	0.91	−0.2 (−1.2, 0.8)	0.73	−0.4 (−1.5, 0.6)	0.41
Overall QoL	Cru	1.5 (−0.6, 3.6)	0.16	3.1 (0.8, 5.3)	0.007*	−1.0 (−3.1, 1.1)	0.35	−0.4 (−2.6, 1.8)	0.73	0.7 (−2.2, 3.7)	0.63	2.8 (−0.4, 5.9)	0.08
	Adj	1.7 (−0.4, 3.8)	0.11	3.3 (1.1, 5.5)	0.004**	−0.8 (−2.9, 1.3)	0.46	−0.2 (−2.4, 2.0)	0.86	1.0 (−1.9, 4.0)	0.50	3.1 (−0.1, 6.3)	0.06

Notes:

^aControl group, care-as-usual;

^bcontrol group, social activity group;

^*p < 0.05,

^**p < 0.005. Cru: adjusted for baseline scores; Adj: adjusted for baseline scores, gender, and age.

Abbreviations: T1, 3 months; T2, 6 months; ADL, activities of daily living; PADL, physical activity and ADL; SCO, social activity and control; QoL, quality of life.