. 2017 Oct 19;125(10):107007. doi: 10.1289/EHP1521

Table 3.

Adjusted odds ratios [95% confidence interval (CI)] for incident CHD according to quartiles of exposure for plasma metals included in the multiple-metal model.

Plasma metals	Quartiles of plasma metals ( $μ g / L$ )^a				p-Trend^b
Plasma metals	Q1	Q2	Q3	Q4	p-Trend^b
Aluminum ( $μ g / L$ )^c	$< 31.03$	31.03–48.95	48.95–97.15	$> 97.15$
$n$ (case/control)	358/405	349/405	395/405	519/406
Model 1^d	1.00	0.93 (0.74, 1.16)	1.05 (0.83, 1.32)	1.33 (1.07, 1.65)	0.001
Model 2^e	1.00	0.85 (0.67, 1.08)	0.90 (0.70, 1.15)	0.94 (0.71, 1.25)	0.83
Arsenic ( $μ g / L$ )	$< 1.28$	1.28–1.96	1.96–3.49	$> 3.49$
$n$ (case/control)	323/405	357/405	369/405	572/406
Model 1	1.00	1.17 (0.93, 1.48)	1.12 (0.89, 1.40)	1.68 (1.35, 2.09)	$< 0.001$
Model 2	1.00	1.17 (0.91, 1.50)	1.15 (0.88, 1.50)	1.78 (1.29, 2.46)	0.001
Barium ( $μ g / L$ )^c	$< 23.26$	23.26–35.48	35.48–62.52	$> 62.52$
$n$ (case/control)	328/405	375/405	424/405	494/406
Model 1	1.00	1.21 (0.96, 1.53)	1.25 (1.00, 1.56)	1.44 (1.15, 1.79)	0.002
Model 2	1.00	1.15 (0.90, 1.47)	1.03 (0.79, 1.34)	0.91 (0.66, 1.25)	0.41
Selenium ( $μ g / L$ )	$< 57.69$	57.69–67.48	67.48–78.66	$> 78.66$
$n$ (case/control)	438/405	437/405	392/406	354/405
Model 1	1.00	0.97 (0.79, 1.19)	0.88 (0.71, 1.10)	0.72 (0.57, 0.91)	0.007
Model 2	1.00	0.92 (0.74, 1.14)	0.80 (0.64, 1.00)	0.67 (0.52, 0.85)	0.001
Titanium ( $μ g / L$ )	$< 24.42$	24.42–29.14	29.14–35.70	$> 35.70$
$n$ (case/control)	319/405	396/405	441/405	465/406
Model 1	1.00	1.28 (1.02, 1.61)	1.35 (1.07, 1.69)	1.37 (1.09, 1.73)	0.010
Model 2	1.00	1.28 (1.01, 1.62)	1.33 (1.05, 1.69)	1.32 (1.03, 1.69)	0.04

^{^a}

Plasma metal concentration was presented as raw data.

^{^b}

p-Trend across quartiles of metals were obtained by including the median of each quartile (natural log-transformed) as a continuous variable in logistic regression models.

^{^c}

For aluminum, the inclusion of barium or arsenic in the model would attenuate the association to non-significant. For barium, the inclusion of arsenic or aluminum would attenuate the association to nonsignificant. Aluminum, arsenic and barium are significantly correlated with each other ( $p < 0.01$ ), with high correlation coefficients [aluminum–arsenic 0.58, aluminum–barium 0.62, arsenic–barium 0.71].

^{^d}

Model 1: Metals were included in the conditional logistic regression models separately (single-metal model) and adjusted for BMI, smoking status, pack year, alcohol intake status, education, physical activity, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, family history of coronary heart disease, diabetes, and eGFR. The results for the rest metals in the single-metal model were shown in Table S5.

^{^e}

Model 2: Metals that were significant in the single-metal model ( $p - trend < 0.05$ ) were included in the conditional logistic regression model simultaneously (multiple-metals model) and adjusted for the same variables as Model 1.