Table 3. Multivariable Logistic Regression (MLR) for Covariates Associated With Mortality, Morbidity, and Unchanged Poor or Worse Modified Rankin Scale (mRS) Score at 90 Days vs Baselinea.
| Variable | Estimate (SE) | OR (95% CI) | P Value |
|---|---|---|---|
| MLR for covariates associated with mortality | |||
| All surgeries | |||
| OS (reference, NOS) | 0.48 (0.34) | 1.62 (0.84-3.14) | .15 |
| Admitted to ICU (reference, no) | 3.24 (0.72) | 25.5 (6.22-104.67) | <.001 |
| Overall LOS, d | 0.03 (0.01) | 1.03 (1.00-1.05) | .02 |
| OS only | |||
| OS-StS (reference, OS-R) | 0.74 (0.72) | 2.09 (0.51-8.54) | .30 |
| Admitted to ICU (reference, no) | 3.02 (0.84) | 20.55 (3.94-107.20) | <.001 |
| Overall LOS, d | 0.04 (0.01) | 1.04 (1.01-1.07) | .01 |
| MLR for covariates associated with morbidity | |||
| All surgeries | |||
| OS (reference, NOS) | −0.16 (0.12) | 0.86 (0.68-1.08) | .59 |
| Discharge mRS score 0-2 (reference, 3-5) | −0.56 (0.13) | 0.57 (0.44-0.74) | <.001 |
| Admitted to ICU (reference, no) | 0.62 (0.13) | 1.85 (1.43-2.40) | <.001 |
| 30-d Readmission (reference, no) | 4.02 (0.19) | 55.70 (38.12-81.37) | <.001 |
| Multiple related surgeries (reference, no) | 0.93 (0.26) | 2.53 (1.54-4.18) | <.001 |
| Total in-room time, min | 0.002 (0.00) | 1.00 (1.00-1.00) | <.001 |
| Overall LOS, d | 0.06 (0.01) | 1.06 (1.04-1.08) | <.001 |
| OS only | |||
| OS-StS (reference, OS-R) | 0.36 (0.32) | 1.43 (0.76-2.68) | .26 |
| Discharge mRS score 0-2 (reference, 3-5) | −1.37 (0.24) | 0.25 (0.16-0.41) | <.001 |
| Admitted to ICU (reference, no) | 0.60 (0.24) | 1.82 (1.13-2.91) | .01 |
| 30-d Readmission (reference, no) | 4.26 (0.29) | 70.80 (40.08-125.09) | <.001 |
| Multiple related surgeries (reference, no) | 1.84 (0.43) | 6.27 (2.70-14.59) | <.001 |
| Total in-room time, min | 0.00 (0.00) | 1.00 (1.00-1.00) | .04 |
| Overall LOS, d | 0.07 (0.02) | 1.07 (1.04-1.11) | <.001 |
| MLR for covariates associated with unchanged poor (3-5) or worse mRS score at 90 d vs baseline | |||
| All cases | |||
| OS (reference, NOS) | −0.15 (0.10) | 0.87 (0.71-1.06) | .15 |
| Resident present (reference, no) | 0.69 (0.22) | 2.06 (1.35-3.13) | .001 |
| Good disposition (reference, bad) | −2.16 (0.28) | 0.12 (0.07-0.20) | <.001 |
| Overall LOS, d | 0.03 (0.01) | 1.03 (1.02-1.05) | <.001 |
| OS only | |||
| OS-StS (reference, OS-R) | −0.25 (0.18) | 0.78 (0.55-1.12) | .17 |
| Resident present (reference, no) | 0.70 (0.32) | 2.02 (1.09-3.74) | .03 |
| Good disposition (reference, bad) | −2.30 (0.38) | 0.10 (0.05-0.21) | <.001 |
| SSI (reference, no) | 0.70 (0.32) | 2.01 (1.07-3.80) | .03 |
Abbreviations: ICU, intensive care unit; LOS, length of stay; NOS, nonoverlapping surgery; OR, odds ratio; OS, overlapping surgery; OS-R, overlapping in-room time; OS-StS, overlapping skin-to-skin time; SSI, surgical site infection.
a
Model included logit(propensity score) and used average treatment effect for treated weights.