Table 1.
Overview of costimulatory and inhibitory receptors.
| Coreceptor | Activatory/ inhibitory |
Expressed on | Ligand | Ligand expression |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CD4 | Both | T cells, macrophages, monocytes | MHC-II | DC, some T cells, B cells, macrophages, monocytes |
| CD8 | Both | T cells, DC subset | MHC-I | Most cells |
| CD244 (2B4) | Both | Macrophages, monocytes, basophils, NK cells, some T cells | CD48 | Majority of leukocytes |
| CD28 | Activatory | T cells | CD80 (B7-1), CD86 (B7-2) | DC, activated T cells, B cells, macrophages, monocytes |
| CD27 | Activatory | T cells, B-cell subset and NK-cell subset | CD70 | Activated DC, B cells and T cells |
| ICOS (CD278) | Activatory | Activated T cells, Th2 cells, NKT cells | ICOS-L (CD275/B7-H2) | DC, B cells, endothelial cells, macrophages, monocytes |
| CD30 | Activatory | Activated T cells, B cells and NK cells | CD153 | B cells, activated T cells |
| OX40 (CD134) | Activatory (inhibitory for Tregs) | Activated DC, B cells, T cells and monocytes and macrophages | OX40 ligand (CD252) | Activated T cells, Treg, NK cells, NKT cells and neutrophils |
| 4-1BB (CD137) | Activatory | Macrophage, monocytes, DCs, NK cells and activated T cells | 4-1BBL (CD137 ligand) | DC, B cells, macrophages, monocytes |
| CD40L (CD154) | Activatory | Platelets, activated T and B cells | CD40 | DC, B cells, macrophages, monocytes, endothelial cells |
| CD270 | Activatory | DC, B cells, T cells, NK cells, macrophages, monocytes | CD258, CD272, CD160 | DC, activated T and B cells, NK cells, monocytes, macrophages |
| GITR (CD357) | Activatory | NK cells, activated T cells, Tregs | GITR ligand | DC, B cells, macrophages, monocytes, endothelial cells |
| CTLA4 (CD152) | Inhibitory | B cells, activated T cells | CD80 (B7-1), CD86 (B7-2) | DC, activated T cells, B cells, macrophages, monocytes |
| CD160 | Inhibitory | T cells, NK cells, NKT cells | CD270, MHC-I | DC, T cells, B cells, NK cells, macrophages, monocytes |
| CD223 (LAG3) | Inhibitory | B cells, NK cells, activated T cells | MHC-II | DC, T cells, B cells, macrophages, monocytes |
| CD272 (BTLA) | Inhibitory | Activated T cells, B cells, DCs, Th1 cells | CD270 | DC, T cells, B cells, NK cells, macrophages, monocytes |
| CD274 (PD-L1/B7-H1) | Inhibitory | DC, T cells, B cells, NK cells, macrophages, monocytes | CD80 (B7-1) | DC, activated T cells, B cells, macrophages, monocytes |
| PD-1 (CD279) | Inhibitory | Activated B cells, DCs and T cells, monocytes, macrophages | CD274 (PD-L2/B7-H1) CD273 (PD-L2/B7-H2) |
DC, T cells, B cells, NK cells, macrophages, monocytes |
| TIM3 | Inhibitory | DC, B cells, T cells, monocytes, macrophages, NK cells | Galectin 9 | T cells, Tregs |
DC, dendritic cell; GITR, glucocorticoid-induced tumour necrosis factor receptor; MHC, major histocompatibility complex; NK, natural killer (cell); NKT, natural killer T (cell); Th, T-helper cell; Treg, regulatory T cell.