Table 2.

Direct comparison among different immune checkpoint inhibitors.

Study	Phase	Treatment arms	Indication	All-grade (grades 1–4) pneumonitis	High-grade (grades 3–4) pneumonitis
Robert et al. [2015b]	Phase III	834 patients with advanced melanoma in a 1:1:1 ratio to receive: • Arm A: pembrolizumab 10 mg/kg every 2 weeks (279 pts) • Arm B: pembrolizumab 10 mg/kg every 3 weeks (277 pts) • Arm C: ipilimumab (278 pts)	Advanced melanoma	1 (0.4%) versus 5 (1.8%) versus 1 (0.4%)	0 versus 1(0.4%) versus 1(0.4%)
Larkin et al. [2015]	Phase III	945 patients were randomized in a 1:1:1 fashion into: • Nivolumab 3mg/kg combined with placebo (316 pts) • Ipilimumab (3 mg/kg) combined with nivolumab (1 mg/kg) (314 pts) • Ipilimumab (3 mg/kg) combined with placebo (315 pts)	Advanced melanoma	4 (1.3%) versus 20 (6.4%) versus 5 (1.6%)	1 (0.3%) versus 3 (1%) versus 1 (0.3%)
Postow et al. [2015]	Phase III	142 patients were randomized in a 2:1 fashion into : • Ipilimumab (3 mg/kg) combined with nivolumab (1 mg/kg) (94 pts) • Ipilimumab (3 mg/kg) combined with placebo (46 pts)	Advanced melanoma	10 (11%) versus 2 (4%)	2 (2%) versus 1(2%) NB One patient in the combination arm has died of drug-related pneumonitis.

pts, patients.