Table 2.

Secreted or released damage-associated molecular patterns that have been measured after various anti-cancer therapies.

DAMP	Cancer type	Treatment	Author(s)	Corresponding PRR(s)
Actin	Lung squamous cell carcinoma/adenocarcinoma	Photodynamic therapy	Tracy et al.129	DNGR-1 (CLEC9A)
Adenosine	Hairy cell leukemia	Pentostatin (2’-deoxycoformycin)	Johnston130	A1, A2A, A2B, A3
ATP	Bladder carcinoma	Photodynamic therapy	Garg et al.131	P2X7, P2Y2
	Colorectal carcinoma and osteosarcoma	Mitoxantrone and oxaliplatin	Michaud et al.132
	Colorectal carcinoma and sarcoma	Various chemotherapeutic agents	Ghiringhelli et al.133
	Fibrosarcoma	Doxorubicin	Ma et al.134
	Cutaneous melanoma	Amino acid derivative LTX-401	Eike et al.135
	T-cell leukemia	Ultraviolet light	Elliott et al.136
Calreticulin	Bladder carcinoma	Photodynamic therapy	Garg et al.131	CD91, scavenger receptors (LOX-1, SREC-1, and FEEL-1/CLEVER-1)
	Bladder carcinoma	Photodynamic therapy	Garg et al.137
	Colorectal carcinoma	Doxorubicin	Obeid et al.138
	Colorectal carcinoma	Electrohyperthermia	Andocs et al.139
	Colorectal carcinoma and osteosarcoma	Mitoxantrone and oxaliplatin	Michaud et al.132
	Colorectal carcinoma, cutaneous melanoma, lung carcinoma, esophageal squamous cell carcinoma, and pancreatic carcinoma	Various chemotherapeutic agents	Yamamura et al.140
Cytochrome c	Cutaneous melanoma	Amino acid derivative LTX-401	Eike et al.135	Unknown
	Lung squamous cell carcinoma/adenocarcinoma	Photodynamic therapy	Tracy et al.129
HSP60	Squamous cell carcinoma	Photodynamic therapy	Korbelik et al.141	CD91, scavenger receptors (LOX-1, SREC-1, & FEEL-1/CLEVER-1), TLR2, TLR4
HSP70	Bladder carcinoma	Photodynamic therapy	Garg et al.137
	Colorectal carcinoma	Oxaliplatin and 5-fluorouracil	Fang et al.142
	Colorectal carcinoma	Electrohyperthermia	Ma et al.134
	Lung squamous cell carcinoma/adenocarcinoma	Photodynamic therapy	Tracy et al.129
	Prostate adenocarcinoma	Heating and UVC irradiation	Brusa et al.143
	Squamous cell carcinoma	Photodynamic therapy	Korbelik et al.141
HSP90	Colorectal carcinoma	Electrohyperthermia	Ma et al.134
	Lung squamous cell carcinoma/adenocarcinoma	Photodynamic therapy	Tracy et al.129
	Myeloma cells	Bortezomib	Spisek et al.144
GRP78 (BiP)	Squamous cell carcinoma	Photodynamic therapy	Korbelik et al.141
GP96 (GRP94)	Squamous cell carcinoma	Photodynamic therapy	Korbelik et al.141
HMGB1	Colorectal carcinoma	Doxorubicin and linoleic acid	Luo et al.145	RAGE. TIM3, TLR2, TLR4, TLR9
	Colorectal carcinoma	Electrohyperthermia	Ma et al.134
	Colorectal carcinoma	Oxaliplatin and 5-fluorouracil	Fang et al.142
	Colorectal carcinoma and osteosarcoma	Mitoxantrone and oxaliplatin	Michaud et al.132
	Colorectal carcinoma and thymoma cells	Doxorubicin and irradiation, respectively	Apetoh et al.146
	Lung squamous cell carcinoma/adenocarcinoma	Photodynamic therapy	Tracy et al.129
	Prostate adenocarcinoma	Heating and UVC irradiation	Brusa et al.143
	Prostate adenocarcinoma	Various chemotherapeutic agents	Zhou et al.147
	Cutaneous melanoma	Amino acid derivative LTX-401	Eike et al.135
	Thymoma cells	X-rays	Apetoh et al.148
IL-1α/β	Lung squamous cell carcinoma/adenocarcinoma	Photodynamic therapy	Tracy et al.129	IL-1R
Peroxiredoxin-1	Lung squamous cell carcinoma/adenocarcinoma	Photodynamic therapy	Tracy et al.129	CD14, TLR4
S100A8/A9	Prostate adenocarcinoma	Phorbol 12-myristate,13-acetate	Hermani et al.149	RAGE
Uric acid	Thymoma cells	Etoposide and cyclophosphamide	Hu et al.150	CD14, TLR2, TLR4

ATP, adenosine triphosphate; BiP, binding immunoglobulin protein; CD, cluster of differentiation; DAMP, damage-associated molecular pattern; FEEL-1/CLEVER-1, Fasciclin EGF-like/common lymphatic endothelial and vascular endothelial receptor-1; GP96, glycoprotein 96; GRP, glucose-regulated protein; HMGB1, high mobility group box 1; HSP, heat shock protein; IFN, interferon; IL, interleukin; IL-1R, interleukin-1 receptor; LOX-1, lectin-type oxidized LDL receptor 1; PRR, pattern-recognition receptor; P₂X₇, purinergic receptor P2X, ligand-gated ion channel 7; P₂Y₂, purinergic receptor P2Y, G-protein coupled 2; RAGE, receptor for advanced glycation end products; SREC-1, scavenger receptor class F member 1; TIM3, T cell/transmembrane, immunoglobulin, and mucin; TLR, Toll-like receptor; UVC, ultraviolet C.