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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2019 May 1.
Published in final edited form as: J Exp Child Psychol. 2018 May;169:93–109. doi: 10.1016/j.jecp.2018.01.002

Table 2.

Sample characteristics by language background.

Monolingual
(n = 27; 10 male)		 Bilingual
(n = 33, 17 male)		 t(58) p
Age (months) 8.62
(2.09)		 8.49
(1.76)		 0.26 .80
MSEL
Expressive language 94.62
(17.39)		 91.47
(16.04)		 0.73 .47
Receptive language 89.64
(13.29)		 82.51
(19.50)		 1.62 .11
NVDQ 106.51
(13.14)		 107.21
(18.00)		 −0.17 .87
Visual search task
Accuracy (%) 50.08
(11.26)		 45.73
(11.59)		 1.46 .15
Free-viewing task
ME index −1.16
(54.39)		 −13.30
(56.29)		 0.84 .40
Viewing time (s) 91.30
(42.00)		 95.58
(44.15)		 −0.38 .70

Note. Standard deviations appear in parentheses below means. MSEL, Mullen Scales of Early Learning; NVDQ, nonverbal developmental quotient; ME Index, relative attention to the mouth.