. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2018 May 3.

Published in final edited form as: Elem Sch J. 2016 Aug 8;117(1):119–142. doi: 10.1086/687813

Table 2.

Correlations among Variables Within and Across Time

	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11	12	13	14	15	16	17
KINDERGARTEN CONTEXT
1. Instructional support	--
2. Emotional support	.47^**	--
3. Classroom management	.50^**	.78^**	--
4. School poverty	.19^*	−.07	−.08	--
5. School low achievement	.26^**	−.20^*	−.24^**	.45^**	--
KINDERGARTEN CLASSROOM CHARACTERISTICS
6. Class size	.08	−.10	−.06	.32^**	.47^**	--
7. % Likely to repeat	.03	.02	−.09	.20^*	.40^**	.16	--
8. % Minority students	.15^†	−.10	−.12	.45^**	.72^**	.41^**	.28^**	--
9. Classroom aide	.16^*	.14	.11	−.36^**	−.11	.05	.04	−.13	--
CHILD FUNCTIONING
10. Pre-K Aggression	−.12	.02	.01	−.06	−.08	.08	−.03	−.09	−.02	--
11. Pre-K Social Competence	.24^**	.13	.10	.09	.03	−.05	.04	.09	.00	−.79^**	--
12. Pre-K Literacy Skills	.11	.02	.06	−.11	.09	.16^†	.07	−.08	.06	−.11	.22^**	--
13. Pre-K Math Skills	−.06	−.09	−.04	−.01	−.19^*	−.15^†	−.01	−.30^**	−.02	−.08	.19^*	.41^**	--
14. 1^st gr. Aggression	−.04	−.18^*	−.04	.17^*	.20^*	.07	.08	.06	−.23^**	.28^**	−.35^**	−.06	.04	--
15.1^st gr. Social competence	−.03	.18^*	.08	−.12	−.18^*	−.08	−.15^†	−.14	.14^†	−.31^**	.43^**	.14	.07	−.79^**	--
16. 1^st gr. Academic perform.	.03	.01	.10	.17^*	.10	.05	.03	−.01	−.01	−.10	.27^**	.40^**	.39^**	−.14^†	.32^**	--
17. 1^st gr. Literacy Skills	.20^*	.06	.15^†	.04	−.03	−.10	.06	−.16^*	.01	−.21^*	.26^**	.26^**	.34^**	−.03	.08	.56^**	--
18. 1^st gr. Math skills	−.01	−.09	−.01	−.08	.01	−.06	.06	−.18^*	.01	−.11	.20^*	.40^**	.57^**	.02	.03	.48^**	.43^**

^†

p < .10.

p < .05.

^**

p < .01.

Note: In correlations with kindergarten context and first-grade outcomes, pre-K scores are partialled out.