Fig. 4.
A schematic representation of (a) the confinement of the electromagnetic field intensity, due to the coupling of light with localized surface plasmons (LSPs) from metallic NPs and surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs) originated from bulk metal films and their interaction with fluorophores. (b) The interaction of fields with fluorophores at their absorption λ ab and emission λem wavelengths can alter respective transitions between the ground state and excited states. Reprinted with permission from Ref. [55], Springer.