Table 2.
Echocardiographic characteristics of the SAHF population according to T2DM status
| T2DM‐SAHF (n = 290) | Other‐SAHF (n = 261) | P value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| LV ejection fraction (%) | 62.9 ± 6.5 | 63.9 ± 5.5 | 0.048 |
| 40–50% | 5 (1.7) | 3 (1.1) | |
| >50% | 285 (98.3) | 258 (98.9) | |
| Mitral early diastolic inflow velocity (E wave) (m/s) | 0.65 ± 0.17 | 0.63 ± 0.15 | 0.057 |
| Mitral late diastolic inflow velocity (A wave) (m/s) | 0.83 ± 0.19 | 0.78 ± 0.17 | 0.001 |
| Early‐to‐late peak diastolic transmitral flow velocity ratio (E/A) | 0.80 ± 0.21 | 0.82 ± 0.23 | 0.167 |
| Early diastolic mitral annular velocity (e′) (m/s) | 0.08 ± 0.02 | 0.08 ± 0.02 | 0.306 |
| Mitral E/e′ septal–lateral ratio (E/e′) | 9.2 ± 2.7 | 8.7 ± 2.4 | 0.028 |
| E/e′ ratio > 13 (n, %) | 30 (10.3) | 12 (4.6) | 0.011 |
| Deceleration time (s) | 246.4 ± 52.4 | 242.8 ± 49.4 | 0.414 |
| LV mass index (g/m2) | 92.4 ± 23.8 | 92.7 ± 22.1 | 0.912 |
| LVH/LV mass index | 167 (57.6) | 179 (68.6) | 0.009 |
| GLS (%) | −17.7 ± 2.6 | −19.0 ± 2.6 | <0.001 |
| GLS > −18% (n, %) | 146 (50.3) | 74 (28.4) | <0.001 |
GLS, global longitudinal strain; LV, left ventricular; LVH, left ventricular hypertrophy; SAHF, Stage A heart failure; T2DM, Type 2 diabetes mellitus. Bold P values are significant.