Table 3.
Echocardiographic characteristics of the SAHF population according to T2DM and hypertension status
| HT‐SAHFa (n = 132) | HT + T2DM‐SAHFb (n = 143) | P value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| LV ejection fraction (%) | 63.6 ± 5.6 | 62.7 ± 6.9 | 0.247 |
| Mitral early‐diastolic inflow velocity (E wave) (m/s) | 0.61 ± 0.15 | 0.67 ± 0.17 | 0.008 |
| Mitral late diastolic inflow velocity (A wave) (m/s) | 0.80 ± 0.16 | 0.85 ± 0.20 | 0.016 |
| Early‐to‐late peak diastolic transmitral flow velocity ratio (E/A) | 0.78 ± 0.19 | 0.79 ± 0.23 | 0.513 |
| Early diastolic mitral annular velocity (e′) (m/s) | 0.07 ± 0.02 | 0.08 ± 0.02 | 0.220 |
| Mitral E/e′ septal–lateral ratio (E/e′) | 9.0 ± 2.5 | 9.4 ± 2.8 | 0.185 |
| E/e′ ratio > 13 (n, %) | 8 (6.1) | 18 (12.6) | 0.065 |
| Deceleration time (s) | 247.5 ± 49.7 | 246.5 ± 52.1 | 0.882 |
| LV mass index (g/m2) | 93.4 ± 21.5 | 95.1 ± 25.1 | 0.547 |
| LVH/LV mass index | 41 (31.1) | 44 (30.8) | 0.989 |
| GLS (%) | −19.1 ± 2.4 | −17.7 ± 2.5 | <0.001 |
| GLS > −18% (n, %) | 39 (29.5) | 74 (51.7) | <0.001 |
GLS, global longitudinal strain; HT, hypertension; LV, left ventricular; LVH, left ventricular hypertrophy; SAHF, Stage A heart failure; T2DM, Type 2 diabetes mellitus. Bold P values are significant.
a
HT‐SAHF: Patients had active hypertension without diabetes.
b
Patients had both T2DM and active hypertension.