Table 2. ECLS Configurations, indications and applications in thoracic surgery.
| Mode of ECLS | CO2 removal | Oxygenation support | Right ventricular support | Full hemodynamic support | Applications in thoracic surgery |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Low-flow VV ECMO | Yes | No | No | No | Bridge to LTX |
| High-flow VV ECMO | Yes | Yes | No | No | Bridge to LTX |
| LTx intraoperative | |||||
| Postoperative respiratory failure | |||||
| Airway surgery | |||||
| Difficulty with one-lung ventilation | |||||
| Lung lavage | |||||
| VA ECMO | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Bridge to LTX |
| LTX intraoperative | |||||
| Postoperative cardiopulmonary dysfunction | |||||
| Airway surgery | |||||
| Mediastinal mass | |||||
| Complex lung resection | |||||
| AV ECMO (pumpless) | Yes | No | No | No | Bridge to LTX |
| Airway surgery | |||||
| Difficulty with one-lung ventilation | |||||
| PA-LA Novalung® (pumpless) | No | No | Yes | No | Bridge to LTX for pulmonary hypertension |