Table 5.
(a) Comparison between patients with awareness of antecedent symptoms and those without. (b) Logistic regression analysis of factors predicting the absence of antecedent symptoms (n = 211)a
| Parameter | Awareness of antecedent symptoms | P‐value | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Absent | n | Present | n | ||
| (a) | |||||
| Type of diabetes, type 1 (%)/type 2 (%) | 111 (44.2)/140 (55.8) | 251 | 77 (29.4)/185 (70.6) | 262 | <0.0001 |
| Age at onset of severe hypoglycemia | 70.0 (56.0–80.0) | 283 | 70.0 (57.0–80.0) | 282 | 0.565 |
| Duration of diabetes (years) | 19.0 (11.0–28.0) | 243 | 20.0 (11.0–29.0) | 233 | 0.815 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 21.2 (18.9–24.1) | 266 | 22.1 (19.9–24.7) | 244 | 0.004 |
| Glucose value at presentation (before treatment) | 30.0 (23.0–40.0) | 233 | 34.5 (27.5–43.0) | 228 | 0.001 |
| HbA1c at onset of severe hypoglycemia (%) | 7.2 (6.5–8.3) | 255 | 7.2 (6.5–8.1) | 239 | 0.615 |
| Serum creatinine at onset of severe hypoglycemia (mg/dL) | 0.9 (0.7–1.4) | 261 | 0.9 (0.7–1.4) | 264 | 0.365 |
| eGFR at onset of severe hypoglycemia (mL/min/1.73 m2) | 59.7 (36.2–80.4) | 261 | 58.1 (35.3–79.1) | 264 | 0.608 |
| Peripheral neuropathy, present | 141 (71.0%) | 200 | 99 (61.1%) | 162 | 0.047 |
| Autonomic neuropathy, present | 108 (59.7%) | 181 | 67 (47.9%) | 140 | 0.035 |
| Factor | Odds ratio | 95% confidence interval | P‐value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Lower limit | Upper limit | |||
| (b) | ||||
| Age at onset of severe hypoglycemia | 1.012 | 0.988 | 1.037 | 0.320 |
| Duration of diabetes | 0.975 | 0.944 | 1.008 | 0.139 |
| HbA1c at onset of severe hypoglycemia | 0.873 | 0.679 | 1.123 | 0.291 |
| Glucose value at presentation (before treatment) | 0.967 | 0.944 | 0.991 | 0.006 |
| BMI | 0.884 | 0.813 | 0.962 | 0.004 |
| Stage of nephropathy | 0.447 | |||
| Stage 1 | Reference value | |||
| Stage 2 | 0.763 | 0.321 | 1.811 | 0.539 |
| Stage 3 | 1.998 | 0.748 | 5.339 | 0.168 |
| Stage 4 | 0.883 | 0.245 | 3.173 | 0.848 |
| Stage 5 | 0.934 | 0.247 | 3.538 | 0.920 |
| Type of diabetes | ||||
| Type 1 | Reference value | |||
| Type 2 | 0.374 | 0.159 | 0.880 | 0.024 |
| Peripheral neuropathy | ||||
| Absent | Reference value | |||
| Present | 3.191 | 1.265 | 8.052 | 0.014 |
| Autonomic neuropathy | ||||
| Absent | Reference value | |||
| Present | 1.336 | 0.562 | 3.176 | 0.511 |
BMI, body mass index; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate.
a
Patients with no missing data for any of the parameters compared (those with no antecedent symptoms, n = 119; those with antecedent symptoms, n = 92).