Table 1.
Main baseline characteristics of patients with circulatory shock
| Variable | Initial cohort | Confirmatory cohort | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total (n = 29) | Survivors (n = 18) | Non-survivors (n = 11) | P | Total (n = 35) | Survivors (n = 17) | Non-survivors (n = 18) | P | |
| Age (years) | 67 ± 11 | 64 ± 12 | 71 ± 8 | 0.11 | 64 ± 16 | 61 ± 16 | 67 ± 16 | 0.30 |
| Body mass index (kg/m2) | 26 ± 6 | 25 ± 5 | 27 ± 8 | 0.66 | 28 ± 5 | 27 ± 5 | 28 ± 5 | 0.29 |
| Septic shock [n (%)] | 16 (55) | 9 (50) | 7 (64) | 0.82 | 28 (80) | 13 (77) | 15 (83) | 0.61 |
| Cardiogenic shock [n (%)] | 13 (45) | 9 (50) | 4 (36) | 0.82 | 7 (20) | 4 (23) | 3 (17) | 0.61 |
| Chronic kidney disease [n (%)] | 8 (28) | 7 (39) | 1 (9) | 0.11 | 8 (23) | 4 (24) | 4 (22) | 1.00 |
| Chronic arterial hypertension [n (%)] | 20 (69) | 11 (61) | 9 (82) | 0.41 | 11 (31) | 5 (29) | 6 (33) | 0.80 |
| Diabetes mellitus [n (%)] | 12 (41) | 7 (39) | 5 (46) | 0.73 | 11 (31) | 5 (29) | 6 (33) | 0.80 |
| Coronary artery disease [n (%)] | 9 (31) | 5 (28) | 4 (36) | 0.69 | 8 (23) | 3 (18) | 5 (28) | 0.69 |
| Mean arterial pressure (mmHg) | 75 ± 13 | 73 ± 9 | 77 ± 17 | 0.52 | 73 ± 9 | 72 ± 7 | 75 ± 10 | 0.28 |
| Heart rate (bpm) | 97 ± 25 | 99 ± 25 | 95 ± 27 | 0.67 | 99 ± 22 | 101 ± 22 | 98 ± 22 | 0.71 |
| Central venous pressure (mmHg) | 11 (8–12) | 11 (7–12) | 11 (9–13) | 0.28 | 9 (7–12) | 8 (6–11) | 10 (8–12) | 0.23 |
| Cardiac output (L/min) | 4.0 (3.4–5.7) n = 18 |
3.8 (3.2–4.7) n = 11 |
4.1 (3.5–6.8) n = 7 |
0.44 | 4.8 (3.5–6.3) n = 32 |
4.8 (3.4–6.7) n = 16 |
4.6 (3.6–5.6) n = 16 |
0.68 |
| Central temperature (°C) | 36.8 (36.0–37.5) | 37.1 (36.2–37.8) | 36.5 (35.9–37.3) | 0.19 | 36.9 (36.6–37.5) | 36.8 (36.6–37.2) | 37.0 (36.6–37.6) | 0.71 |
| Basal forearm temperature (°C) | 32.0 (31.1–32.7) | 32.1 (31.1–32.7) | 31.4 (30.7–32.7) | 0.58 | 30.6 (29.1–31.6) | 30.5 (28.9–31.6) | 30.7 (30.0–31.8) | 0.55 |
| Central to basal forearm temperature (°C) | 5.1 (4.2–6.1) | 5.0 (4.5–6.4) | 5.0 (4.2–5.6) | 0.44 | 6.5 (5.6–7.6) | 7.4 (5.2–7.9) | 6.4 (5.8–7.1) | 0.54 |
| pH | 7.35 ± 0.07 | 7.36 ± 0.06 | 7.33 ± 0.09 | 0.29 | 7.35 ± 0.12 | 7.33 ± 0.13 | 7.36 ± 0.11 | 0.42 |
| PCO2 (mmHg) | 38 ± 8 | 39 ± 9 | 35 ± 8 | 0.22 | 37 ± 11 | 40 ± 14 | 35 ± 8 | 0.22 |
| Lactate (mmol/L) | 2.4 (1.6–4.8) | 1.9 (1.5–2.9) | 3.2 (1.6–6.3) | 0.35 | 1.7 (1.2–2.6) | 1.6 (1.1–2.7) | 1.8 (1.3–2.4) | 0.78 |
| Mechanical ventilation [n (%)] | 25 (86) | 15 (83) | 10 (91) | 1.00 | 25 (71) | 10 (59) | 15 (84) | 0.11 |
| PaO2/FiO2 ratio | 192 (132–293) | 196 (128–310) | 192 (145–250) | 0.93 | 166 (124–244) | 189 (124–247) | 146 (120–211) | 0.24 |
| Creatinine (mg/dL) | 1.4 (1.0–1.7) | 1.4 (0.9–1.6) | 1.6 (1.0–2.2) | 0.44 | 1.3 (0.8–2.0) | 1.3 (0.8–1.9) | 1.2 (0.8–2.1) | 0.82 |
| Total bilirubin (mg/dL) | 0.9 (0.5–2.1) | 0.9 (0.5–1.8) | 1.6 (0.6–2.8) | 0.30 | 0.8 (0.5–2.7) | 0.8 (0.5–2.7) | 0.9 (0.5–2.6) | 0.58 |
| Platelets (× 103/µL) | 163 (92–243) | 160 (92–243) | 163 (65–307) | 0.93 | 52 (13–79) | 58 (25–108) | 22 (7–67) | 0.06 |
| Leukocytes (cells × 103/µL) | 12.4 (8.5–17.7) | 11.7 (8.2–17.7) | 12.4 (8.5–17.7) | 0.95 | 12.0 (8.5–19.9) | 12.5 (10.4–21.9) | 10.8 (4.7–17.0) | 0.16 |
| Number of patients receiving sedatives [n (%)] | 17 (59) | 10 (56) | 7 (64) | 0.67 | 8 (23) | 4 (24) | 4 (22) | 1.00 |
| Number of patients receiving opiates [n (%)] | 22 (76) | 14 (78) | 8 (73) | 1.00 | 7 (20) | 4 (24) | 3 (17) | 0.69 |
| APACHE II score | 26 ± 8 | 23 ± 7 | 30 ± 8 | 0.03 | 26 ± 8 | 22 ± 8 | 29 ± 6 | < 0.01 |
| SOFA score | 10 ± 3 | 10 ± 3 | 12 ± 3 | 0.04 | 10 ± 5 | 9 ± 5 | 11 ± 4 | 0.13 |
| Number of patients receiving dobutamine [n (%)] | 13 (45) | 7 (39) | 6 (54) | 0.41 | 6 (17) | 2 (24) | 2 (11) | 0.40 |
| Dobutamine dose at moment of thermal challenge (mcg/Kg/min) | 0 (0–10) | 0 (0–5) | 10 (0–15) | 0.24 | 0 (0–0) | 0 (0–0) | 0 (0–0) | 0.42 |
| Norepinephrine dose at moment of thermal challenge (mcg/Kg/min) | 0.32 (0.11–0.50) | 0.28 (0.11–0.41) | 0.43 (0.11–0.84) | 0.43 | 0.12 (0.08–0.55) | 0.12 (0.07–0.41) | 0.20 (0.08–0.62) | 0.36 |
| ICU length of stay (days) | 8.0 (3.5–16.0) | 8.6 (4.4–16.0) | 6.5 (2.1–19.6) | 0.44 | 5.3 (3.2–9.0) | 4.7 (4.0–9.0) | 6.0 (3.2–8.0) | 0.70 |