Table 2.
Association Between Prenatal TRAP Exposures and Adipokines in Cord Blood
| HMW Adiponectinb | Leptinc | L/A Ratioc | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
| ||||||
| % diff | 95% CI | % diffb | 95% CI | % diffb | 95% CI | |
| Traffic-Related Air Pollution | ||||||
| Freeway NOx | 5.0 | −2.4, 12.8 | 2.8 | −12.4, 20.5 | −2.1 | −16.3, 14.4 |
| Non-Freeway NOx | 8.9 | −1.0, 19.8 | 33.4 | 8.9, 63.5 | 22.7 | 0.2, 50.3 |
| Total NOx | 5.8 | −1.3, 13.6 | 6.7 | −8.5, 24.4 | 0.75 | −13.4, 17.2 |
|
| ||||||
| Distance to Freeways/Highwaysa | ||||||
| <500 m | 15.1 | −4.4, 38.5 | 23.5 | −18.3, 86.6 | 7.1 | −28.5, 60.3 |
| 500–1000 m | −12.0 | −29.5, 9.8 | 18.3 | −28.4, 95.6 | 32.6 | −18.9, 116.8 |
| 1000–1500 m | −5.6 | −23.9, 17.1 | 27.6 | −21.0, 106.3 | 35.0 | −15.6, 115.9 |
| >1500 m | Ref | Ref | Ref | |||
|
| ||||||
| Distance to Major Roadwaysa | ||||||
| <75 m | 20.6 | −3.8, 51.1 | 71.1 | 4.8, 179.3 | 41.9 | −12.5, 130.3 |
| 75–150 m | 4.2 | −14.6, 27.2 | 47.3 | −4.4, 127.1 | 41.3 | −7.8, 116.6 |
| 150–300 m | 21.2 | −1.4, 48.9 | 29.0 | −17.7, 102.3 | 5.1 | −32.6, 63.8 |
| >300 m | Ref | Ref | Ref | |||
Estimated exposures to traffic-related air pollution (TRAP) correspond to the 9-month average prior to delivery. Estimated percent difference with 95% confidence intervals (CI) in adipokines for a 1-SD or category difference in exposure. Models were adjusted for maternal age, gestational age, race/ethnicity, parity, annual family income, and maternal pre-pregnancy BMI. Distance to major freeways/highways as well as distance to major roadways are shown in meters. Sample sizes in each category (from furthers to closest distance) are as follows:
Freeways/highways (N=46, 25, 26, and 39) and major roadways (N=25, 40, 38, and 33),
Freeways/highways (N=46, 24, 26, and 39) and major roadways (N=25, 40, 37, and 33).