Table 2.
Prevalence of elevated liver enzymes, elevated PNFI, hyperglycemia, and insulin resistance by age, sex, body mass index, and Hispanic/Latino background
| ALT >25 U/L* |
AST ≥37 U/L |
GGT ≥17 U/L |
PNFI ≥9 |
Fasting glucose ≥100 mg/dL |
HbA1c ≥5.7% | HOMA-IR ≥2.6 |
|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
|
|||||||
| Weighted % (SE) |
Weighted % (SE) |
Weighted % (SE) |
Weighted % (SE) |
Weighted % (SE) |
Weighted % (SE) |
Weighted % (SE) |
|
|
|
|||||||
| Overall (N=1,317) | 12.8% | 3.4% | 20.5% | 11.4% | 10.0% | 7.8% | 52.6% |
| By age | |||||||
| 8–12 years (n=739) | 14.4% | 4.5% | 16.1% | 11.9% | 10.9% | 9.8% | 50.7% |
| 13–14 years (n=339) | 12.3% | 2.5% | 22.0% | 12.7% | 6.9% | 6.4% | 60.2% |
| 15–16 years (n=239) | 9.8% | 1.9% | 28.9% | 8.9% | 11.0% | 5.1% | 49.9% |
| By sex | |||||||
| Female (n=659) | 10.0% | 1.9% | 15.0% | 10.6% | 5.7% | 7.0% | 58.9% |
| Male (n=658) | 15.4% | 4.8% | 25.8% | 12.1% | 14.1% | 8.6% | 46.7% |
| By BMI | |||||||
| Normal weight (n=674) | 6.4% | 1.7% (0.5) | 11.4% | 0.1% | 8.7% | 6.3% | 33.5% |
| Overweight (n=275) | 9.6% | 1.1% (0.5) | 18.5% | 1.0% | 9.1% | 5.5% | 56.8% |
| Obese (n=368) | 28.3% | 8.7% (2.2) | 40.9% | 42.3% | 13.3% | 12.8% | 88.8% |
| By Hispanic/Latino Background | |||||||
| Dominican (n=150) | 5.8% | 1.8% | 16.0% | 13.0% | 4.1% | 8.8% | 49.5% |
| Puerto Rican (n=119) | 9.1% | 0% | 25.0% | 13.7% | 7.4% | 6.2% | 51.6% |
| Cuban (n=94) | 1.1% | 0% | 19.0% | 3.5% | 16.0% | 7.9% | 65.7% |
| Central American (n=100) | 15.8% | 5.0% | 33.1% | 8.2% | 13.9% | 5.8% | 58.8% |
| Mexican (n=585) | 17.2% | 3.7% | 19.7% | 11.8% | 10.5% | 6.4% | 53.9% |
| South American (n=61) | 13.0% | 11.4% | 18.0% | 10.6% | 7.9% | 9.0% | 50.5% |
| Mixed/Other (n=208) | 10.3% | 4.5% | 20.5% | 11.3% | 12.2% | 12.9% | 46.0% |
| By Mexican Background | |||||||
| Non-Mexican (n=732) | 8.9% | 3.2% | 21.3% | 11.0% | 9.6% | 9.1% | 51.6% |
| Mexican (n=585) | 17.2% | 3.7% | 19.7% | 11.8% | 10.5% | 6.4% | 53.9% |
*
Elevated ALT was defined as >25 U/L for boys and >22 U/L for girls.
Bolded values indicate p<0.05 for comparison of characteristics in persons with normal versus elevated liver enzymes, PNFI, hyperglycemia, or insulin resistance. P-values were calculated using Wald tests.