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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2019 Jul 1.
Published in final edited form as: Heart Fail Rev. 2018 Jul;23(4):499–506. doi: 10.1007/s10741-017-9660-1

Table 1. Left Ventricular Effects of Heart Rates Changes.

Hemodynamic and left ventricular (LV) structural effects of heart rate changes. BNP, brain natriuretic peptide.

LEFT VENTRICLE LOWER Heart Rates HIGHER Heart Rates
Hemodynamics
LV Filling → ↓
LV Pressures → ↓
Central Systolic BP → ?
Central Diastolic BP → ?
BNP Levels → ?
Structural Adaptation concentric eccentric
LV Size ↓ →