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. 2018 Apr 27;9:911. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.00911

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Copyright © 2018 Meier and Binstadt.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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AAbs in myocarditis and dilated cardiomyopathy. Left panel: a diagram of cardiac anatomy with relevant structures labeled, including the coronary arteries and associated plaques. Middle panel: a generalized schematic for AAbs in atherogenesis showing opposing roles for B-1 cell-derived IgM NAb and B-2 cell-derived IgG iAAb. Right panel: foam cell formation and feed-forward inflammatory activation within vessel plaques through enhanced uptake of oxidized lipids during atherogenesis. Abbreviations: LDL, low-density lipoprotein; HDL, high-density lipoprotein; NAbs, natural antibodies; iAAb, induced autoantibodies; Ig, immunoglobulin; oxLDL, oxidized low-density lipoprotein; OSE, oxidation-specific epitope; RA, right atrium; LA, left atrium; IVC, inferior vena cava; SVC, superior vena cava; RV, right ventricle; LV, left ventricle; PA, pulmonary artery.