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. 2018 Apr 27;9:911. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.00911

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Copyright © 2018 Meier and Binstadt.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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B-1 and B-2 cells as modulators of cardiovascular inflammation through AAb production. Left panel: B-1 B cells inhabiting the body cavities are interleukin-5 dependent and produce polyreactive natural antibodies, predominantly of the IgM isotype. Right panel: B-2 lymphocytes generate adaptive immunoglobulin under the control of inflammatory cytokine programming. Abbreviations: T_H0, naive CD4⁺ T lymphocyte; T_H1, type 1 inflammation-polarized CD4⁺ helper T lymphocyte; T_H2, type 2 inflammation-polarized CD4⁺ helper T lymphocyte; IFN-γ, interferon gamma.