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. 2018 May 3;8:6972. doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-25417-5

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© The Author(s) 2018

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Effect of bicarbonate on β-carotene and lutein of D. salina under nutrient deficit conditions. All values are expressed as Mean ± SD (n = 3). Values with different letters represent significantly differ at p < 0.05 between the groups. Total Nutrient (TN); Nitrate deficit (N⁻); Nitrate deficit with bicarbonate (N⁻ + NaHCO₃); Phosphate deficit (P⁻); Phosphate deficit with bicarbonate (P⁻ + NaHCO₃); Sulphate deficit (S⁻); Sulphate deficit with bicarbonate (S⁻ + NaHCO₃).