Table 1.

Important regulation sites of cGAS.

Sites	PTMs	Regulators for PTMs	Proposed mechanism	References
K414	K48-Linked ubiquitination	E3 ligase unknown	Enhancing the degradation of cGAS by promoting cGAS-p62 interaction	Chen et al. (2016a)
	Deubiquitination	TRIM14-USP14	Deubiquitination of cGAS
K173/384	K27-linked ubiquitination	RNF185	Potentiating the catalytic activity of cGAS	Wang et al. (2017b)
E302	Monoglutamylation	TTLL4	Inhibiting the synthase activity of cGAS	Xia et al. (2016)
	Deglutamylation	CCP5	Deglutamylation of cGAS
E272	Polyglutamylation	TTLL6	Inhibiting the binding between cGAS and DNA
	Deglutamylation	CCP6	Deglutamylation of cGAS
K217/464	SUMOylation	TRIM38	Enhancing the stability of cGAS	Hu et al. (2016)
	DeSUMOylation	SENP2	DeSUMOylation of cGAS
K335/372/382	SUMOylation	Unknown	Inhibiting the activity of cGAS	Cui et al. (2017)
	DeSUMOylation	SENP7	Potentiating the activity of cGAS
S305	Phosphorylation	Akt	Suppressing the enzymatic activity of cGAS	Seo et al. (2015)
D140/D157	Cleavage	Caspase-1	Degradation of cGAS	Wang et al. (2017c)
Unknown	Cleavage	Caspase-4/5/11	Degradation of cGAS	Wang et al. (2017c)