Confocal microscope images, top panel shows the AVJ components in young hearts and bottom panel shows the AVJ components in old hearts. A, C, E, G: Low magnification images of the AVJ with HCN4 (green) and Cx43 (red) immunolabelling. Poor Cx43 expression is shown in the INE and CN. B, D, F, H: High magnification images of the INE and CN. The Cx43 expression in the right lower corner of image B is part of the right atrium. Inferior nodal extension (INE), compact node (CN).