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(A-H) Changes in electrophysiological measurements in young (n = 14) and old (n = 6) hearts' atrioventricular nodal preparation with and without administration of drugs. The data indicate the changes with cesium (A-D) and ryanodine (E-H). The AVNERP measurement was not possible in old hearts with ryanodine because of the Wenkebach phenomenon with the S1 drive train. AH = atrio-His; AVNERP = atrioventricular nodal effective refractory period. ∗ P < .05.
