Table 3.
Factors associated with place of delivery in rural Ghana (N = 431 unless stated)
| Exposure variable | n | Place of delivery | P-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Home | Health facility | |||
| n (%) | n (%) | |||
| Age (years) | < 0.001 | |||
| 15–19 | 32 | 5 (15.6) | 27 (84.4) | |
| 20–24 | 99 | 20 (20.2) | 79 (79.0) | |
| 25–29 | 100 | 37 (37.0) | 63 (63.0) | |
| 30–34 | 79 | 33 (41.8 | 46 (58.2) | |
| 35–39 | 67 | 36 (53.7) | 31 (46.3) | |
| 40 and above | 46 | 30 (65.2) | 16 (34.8) | |
| Marital status | 0.921a | |||
| Single | 8 | 2 (25.0) | 6 (75.0) | |
| Married | 402 | 154 (38.3) | 248 (61.7) | |
| Cohabiting | 4 | 1 (25.0) | 3 (75.0) | |
| Separated | 5 | 2 (40.0) | 3 (60.0) | |
| Widow | 4 | 2 (50.0) | 2 (50.0) | |
| Occupation | < 0.001 | |||
| Unemployed | 79 | 49 (62.0) | 30 (38.0) | |
| Farmer | 274 | 90 (32.9) | 184 (67.1) | |
| Self-employed | 62 | 21 (33.9) | 41 (66.1) | |
| Formal sector employee | 8 | 1 (12.5) | 7 (87.5) | |
| Highest educational level attained | < 0.001 | |||
| No education | 172 | 107 (62.2) | 65 (37.8) | |
| Primary | 137 | 42 (30.7) | 95 (69.3) | |
| Middle/Junior High | 67 | 8 (11.9) | 59 (88.1) | |
| Secondary and above | 47 | 4 (8.5) | 43 (91.5) | |
| Religion | < 0.001 | |||
| Traditional | 115 | 70 (60.9) | 45 (39.1) | |
| Christian | 263 | 76 (28.9) | 187 (71.1) | |
| Moslem | 45 | 15 (33.3) | 30 (66.7) | |
| Ethnicity | 0.487a | |||
| Builsa | 413 | 158 (38.3) | 255 (61.7) | |
| Mamprusi | 4 | 0 (0.0) | 4 (100.0) | |
| Kassena | 4 | 2 (50.0) | 2 (50.0) | |
| Sissala | 2 | 1 (50.0) | 1 (50.0) | |
| Parity | < 0.001 | |||
| 1 | 87 | 12 (13.8) | 75 (86.2) | |
| 2 | 101 | 32 (31.7) | 69 (68.3) | |
| 3 | 73 | 23 (31.5) | 50 (68.49) | |
| 4 | 86 | 40 (46.5) | 46 (53.5) | |
| 5+ | 76 | 54 (71.1) | 22 (28.9) | |
| Health insurance status during recent pregnancy (N = 351) | < 0.001 | |||
| Invalid insurance | 97 | 51 (52.6) | 46 (47.4) | |
| Valid insurance | 254 | 65 (25.6) | 189 (74.4) | |
| Exposure to information on delivery care | 0.001 | |||
| Yes | 387 | 138 (35.7) | 249 (64.3) | |
| No | 36 | 23 (63.9) | 13 (36.1) | |
| Gestation of pregnancy at the onset of ANC (N = 418) | < 0.001 | |||
| First trimester | 180 | 7 (3.9) | 173 (96.1) | |
| Second trimester and beyond | 238 | 149 (62.6) | 89 (37.4) | |
| Number of ANC visit made before delivery (N = 418) | < 0.001 | |||
| Less than 4 visits | 134 | 115 (85.8) | 19 (14.2) | |
| 4 and more visits | 284 | 41 (14.4) | 243 (85.6) | |
aFisher’s exact test