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. 2018 May 3;11:282. doi: 10.1186/s13071-018-2865-x

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© The Author(s). 2018

Open AccessThis article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.

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Fig. 3 — kdr frequencies as a result of density-dependent selection. Box plots show the distribution of the kdr frequencies of adult mosquitoes emerging from each treatment combination. The dotted line represents the initial frequency of first-instar larvae in the population. *P < 0.01, ***P < 0.0001