Table 5.

Multiple logistic regression analysis showing the association between IPV (ever, last 12 months before pregnancy and during pregnancy) and maternal and new born health outcomes

Association between types of lifetime IPV and maternal and new born health outcomes*
	History of a Miscarry/stillbirth			History of a Neonatal death			History of a miscarriage			Ever had a neonatal death, miscarriage, and or stilbirth
	aOR	95% CI	Sig (pvalue)	aOR	95% CI	Sig (pvalue)	aOR	95% CI	Sig (pvalue)	aOR	95% CI	Sig (p-value)
Emotional IPV	1.39	1.08–1.77	0.008	1.34	1.03–1.72	0.024	1.29	0.95–1.74	0.098	1.32	1.02–1.69	0.03
Physical IPV	1.38	1.06–1.79	0.0001	1.17	1.16–2.20	0.015	1.49	1.12–1.98	0.006	1.56	1.22–1.97	0.0001
Sexual IPV	1.34	1.03–1.74	0.029	1.80	1.29–2.49	0.000	1.17	0.88–1.55	0.274	1.40	1.10–1.76	0.005
Sexual/Physical IPV	1.26	0.95–1.67	0.0513	2.05	1.40–2.98	0.000	1.18	0.87–1.58	0.287	1.43	1.11–1.84	0.005
Forced First Sex	1.23	0.85–1.77	0.266	1.22	0.80–1.84	0.351	1.47	1.03–2.09	0.032	1.45	1.06–1.98	0.018
Association between IPV in the last 12 months and entry into care and maternal and new born health outcomes**
	Unplanned pregnancy			Late booking (ref. = early booking)			Never booked (ref = early booking)			Any negative outcome (LBW, premature, still baby) in recent pregnancy
	aOR	95% CI	Sig (pvalue)	aOR	95% CI	Sig (p-value)	aOR	95% CI	Sig (pvalue)	aOR	95% CI	Sig (p-value)
Emotional IPV	1.48	1.22–1.79	0.0001	1.11	0.91–1.33	0.287	1.43	0.89–2.28	0.287	1.03	0.77–1.38	0.8
Physical IPV	1.50	1.19–1.87	0.0001	1.57	1.24.1.97	0.0001	1.18	0.66–2.09	0.565	0.99	0.70–1.39	0.962
Sexual IPV	1.32	1.08–1.60	0.006	1.10	0.90–1.32	0.358	2.09	1.31–3.34	0.002	0.95	0.7–1.26	0.709
Sexual/Physical IPV	1.32	1.09–1.60	0.004	1.27	1.05–1.52	0.012	2.13	1.32–3.42	0.002	0.95	0.71–1.25	0.711
Forced First Sex	2.02	1.54–2.63	0.0001	1.36	1.03–1.78	0.028	1.37	0.74–2.51	0.312	1.04	.70–1.54	0.842
Association between IPV during pregnancy and recent new born health outcomes***
	Recent Low birth weight			Any recent negative outcome (LBW, premature baby, c-section)
	aOR	95% CI	Sig (pvalue)	aOR	95% CI	Sig (pvalue)
Emotional IPV	1.79	1.26–2.52	0.001	1.38	1.03–1.83	0.026
Physical IPV	1.23	0.78–1.91	0.362	1.09	0.74–1.59	0.673
Sexual IPV	1.23	0.87–1.72	0.239	0.88	0.65–1.16	0.366
Sexual/Physical IPV	1.22	0.87–1.70	0.246	0.89	0.67–1.17	0.406
Forced First Sex	1.19	0.73–1.82	0.518

*Model adjusted for age, education, marital status and HIV status

**Model adjusted for age, education, marital status, HIV status and history of smoking or alcohol use

***Model adjusted for age, education, marital status, HIV status and history of smoking, violence or alcohol use