. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2018 Jul 1.

Published in final edited form as: Autism. 2017 Apr 1;21(5):564–572. doi: 10.1177/1362361317698938

Table 3.

Comparison of ADI-R, ADOS and CARS mean total and domain scores by ADOS and ADOS-2 classification

Instruments & Domains	ADOS					ADOS-2
	Autism (n=128)		Autism Spectrum (n=21)		p	Autism (n=139)		Autism Spectrum (n=7)		Non-Spectrum (n=3)		p
	M	SD	M	SD		M	SD	M	SD	M	SD
ADI-R Domains
Social Impairment	18.96	5.16	11.71	4.41	<0.01	18.29	5.51	15.00	5.26	8.67	3.05	<0.01
Communication (Verbal)	5.02	7.47	11.48	4.54	<0.01	5.55	7.46	11.29	6.75	11.00	1.00	0.07
Communication (Nonverbal)	8.15	6.10	0.33	1.53	<0.01	7.47	6.25	1.57	4.16	0	0	<0.01^*
Restrictive/Repetitive/Stereotyped Behavior	3.38	1.52	1.95	1.96	<0.01	3.22	1.61	2.71	1.38	2.33	4.04	0.50
Abnormality Evident ≤ 36 mths.	4.39	0.81	3.76	1.14	<0.01	4.34	0.88	3.86	0.38	3.67	1.53	0.17
*ADIR Total*	*39.89*	*7.88*	*29.24*	*7.87*	*<0.01*	*38.86*	*8.49*	*34.43*	*9.64*	*25.67*	*4.73*	*0.02*

ADOS Domains
Communication	5.94	1.53	3.62	0.80	<0.01	5.71	1.64	4.57	1.72	3.67	0.58	0.02
Social Interaction (SI)	10.06	1.94	5.86	1.06	<0.01	9.76	2.14	5.86	1.35	4.67	0.58	<0.01
*Communication + SI Total*	*15.98*	*2.49*	*9.48*	*1.08*	*<0.01*	*15.45*	*2.98*	*10.43*	*2.70*	*8.33*	*0.58*	*<0.01*
Play	2.79	1.07	1.14	0.73	<0.01	2.65	1.14	1.57	1.13	0.67	0.58	<0.01
Stereotyped Behaviors/Restricted Interests	2.92	1.41	1.24	0.94	<0.01	2.81	1.43	1.43	0.79	0	0	<0.01^*

ADOS-2 Domains
Social Affect (SA)	14.95	2.56	8.71	1.79	<0.01	14.53	2.87	8.29	2.21	6.67	0.58	<0.01
Restricted/Repetitive Behavior (RRB)	3.74	1.68	1.43	1.03	<0.01	3.58	1.74	1.57	0.98	0.33	0.57	<0.01
*SA + RB Total*	*18.70*	*3.42*	*10.14*	*2.52*	*<0.01*	*18.10*	*3.87*	*9.86*	*3.18*	*7.00*	0	*<0.01^

CARS Domains	Autism (n=123)		No Autism (n=20)		p	Autism (n=134)		Autism Spectrum (n=6)		Non-Spectrum (n=3)		p
CARS Domains					p							p
	M	SD	M	SD		M	SD	M	SD	M	SD
Relating to People	2.75	0.55	2.65	0.36	0.43	2.74	0.53	2.67	0.61	2.67	0.29	0.92
Emotional Response	2.61	0.50	2.28	0.70	<0.01	2.58	0.57	2.33	0.75	2.33	0.58	0.50
Imitation	2.75	0.61	2.45	0.76	<0.05	2.72	0.62	2.58	0.74	2.50	1.32	0.76
Body Use	2.65	0.58	2.28	0.70	<0.01	2.63	0.57	2.58	0.49	1.00	0.00	<0.01
Object Use	2.32	0.82	2.08	0.91	0.22	2.29	0.84	2.67	0.41	1.33	0.58	0.07
Adaptation to Change	2.04	0.86	1.70	0.95	0.11	2.02	0.88	1.83	0.82	1.17	2.89	0.23
Listening Response	2.23	0.70	2.15	0.71	0.63	2.24	0.69	1.58	0.66	2.50	0.50	0.06
Taste/Smell/Touch Response	2.30	0.74	2.14	0.81	0.40	2.26	0.76	2.58	0.58	2.27	0.25	0.58
Visual Response	2.80	0.43	2.65	0.61	0.17	2.80	0.45	2.33	0.61	3.00	0.00	<0.04
Fear/Nervousness	1.62	0.79	1.62	0.76	0.97	1.62	0.78	1.67	0.88	1.50	0.87	0.96
Verbal Communication	3.17	0.34	3.00	0.28	0.04	3.15	0.34	3.00	0.00	3.17	2.89	0.56
Activity Level	2.33	0.68	2.52	0.57	0.22	2.36	0.67	2.42	0.49	2.00	1.00	0.64
Non-verbal Communication	2.37	0.58	1.95	0.48	<0.01	2.34	0.58	1.83	0.26	1.83	0.29	<0.04
Level/Consistency of Intellectual Response	2.40	0.42	3.52	4.36	<0.01	2.55	0.42	2.50	0.32	2.50	0.00	1.00
General Impression	3.00	0.45	2.78	0.38	<0.05	2.97	0.45	2.75	0.27	3.00	0.00	0.48
*Total CARS Score*	*37.52*	*3.61*	*34.75*	*3.42*	*0.004*	*37.06*	*3.65*	*35.33*	*3.72*	*33.17*	*2.56*	*0.11*

Since standard deviation in the Non-Spectrum (n=3) group is equal to zero, we calculated the p-value by comparing the means in the other two groups (i.e., Autism and Autism Spectrum groups)