Table 1.

Summary of representative fabrication approaches for nanostructured surfaces.

Fabrication Approaches	Applicable Materials	Examplary Nanostructures	Material Versatility	Morphology Versatility	References
Chemical Etching	Metals, Polymers.	Rough Surface	High	Low versatility, Random morphology, Low controllability.	[44], [45]
Photolithography	Metals, Ceramics.	Parallel Groove, Dot array.	Low	High versatility, Ordered morphology, High controllability.	[46], [47], [48], [49], [50], [51], [52], [53], [134]
Capillary Force Lithography	Polymers	Parallel Grooves, Nanowire.	Medium (applied to most polymers)	High versatility, Ordered morphology, High controllability.	[40], [42], [54], [55], [56], [135]
Direct Writing	Polymers, Ceramics, Metals.	Parallel, Grooves, Nanowire.	Medium	High versatility, Ordered morphology, Medium controllability.	[57], [58], [59], [60]
Anodization	Metals	Nanopores, Nanotubes.	Very low (mostly TiO2)	Low versatility, Random or ordered morphologies, Medium controllability.	[14], [15], [16], [30], [67], [69]