. 2017 Dec 6;2(4):185–198. doi: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2017.11.002

Table 2.

Summary of fabrication approaches for example nanoparticles.

Nanoparticles	Synthesis Approches	Examplary Surfactant/Capping Reagents	Functionalized Ligands	Examplary Applications	Ref
Au	Chemical reduction, Ag-template Reduction.	Ethylene glycol/PVP, heparin and hyaluronan, citrate	Therapeutic molecules, Peptides, Genes.	Improve conductivity in cardiac patch	[72], [78], [80], [81], [82], [83], [94], [95], [96], [97], [98], [99], [100], [136], [137], [138], [139], [140], [141], [142]
Ag	Chemical Reduction	Ethylene glycol/PVP, heparin and hyaluronan, citrate	Therapeutic molecules, Peptides, Genes.	Improve antibacterial property in heart valves
Pd, Pt	Chemical reduction, Ag-template Reduction.	Sodium citrate, Citric acid/	Proteins	Drug delivery treating cancer
Fe₃O₄	Wet Chemistry	Sodium bis(2-ethylhexyl)sulfosuccinate/PVA	Dextran, Peptide	Image contrasting agent	[84], [85], [104], [105], [143],[144]
PLGA	Wet Chemistry	Covalently Immobilized PLGA on ePTFE grafts by H₂O₂/H₂SO₄ and aminolyzation	Drug Molecules. Isothiocynate-Dextran	Increased presence of pre-loaded drug over vascular graft	[102]
Polyester Carbon Nanotubes	Wet Chemistry	Functionalized with nitric and sulfuric acid	Dispersion in pre-polymer solution for scaffold fabrication	Improved electrical conductivity and strength in scaffolds for tissue regeneration	[103], [145]
PEGylated Liposome Amino Acid Target	Wet Chemistry and Membrane Extrusion	Activation with NHS Linked covalently to a scrambled peptide targeter	Cytokines. Growth factors. Drug Molecules.	A vehicle for site specific targeting and delivery within the heart, post MI	[146]
Lecithin VEGF Pluronic F-127 Core/Shell	Wet Chemistry Sonication	The core/shell nanoparticles were introduced to Capryol 90 to induce gelation at physiological temperature	Pluronic F-127	Site specific regeneration of cardiac tissue post MI	[147]
Lipidoid	Wet Chemistry Self Assembly	Nanoprecipitation for both Lipidoid and ModRNA	Modified mRNA	Increase the potential of gene therapy to improve cardiovascular regeneration	[148]