Table 1.

The relationship between thermodynamic parameters and binding forces

Thermodynamic parameter	Binding force
∆S > 0	May be hydrophobic and electrostatic interactions
∆S < 0	May be hydrogen bonds and van der Waals forces
∆H > 0, ∆S > 0	Hydrophobic interactions
∆H < 0, ∆S < 0	Hydrogen bonds and van der Waals forces
∆H ≈ 0 or very small, ∆S > 0	Electrostatic interactions