Table 3.
Diseases other than rheumatoid arthritis associated with positive rheumatoid factor or anti-CCP antibody
| Positive rheumatoid factor |
| Autoimmune disease |
| Rheumatoid arthritis |
| Primary Sjögren’s syndrome |
| Mixed cryoglobulinemia (hepatitis C) |
| Systemic lupus erythematosus |
| Mixed connective tissue disease |
| Polymyositis/dermatomyositis |
| Systemic sclerosis |
| Infection |
| Subacute bacterial endocarditis |
| Hepatitis (A, B, and C) |
| Epstein–Barr virus and cytomegalovirus infections |
| Tuberculosis |
| Syphilis |
| Miscellaneous |
| Sarcoidosis 28 |
| Waldenström’s macroglobulinemia 25 |
| Liver cirrhosis 25 |
| Interstitial lung diseases |
| Positive anti-CCP antibody |
| Systemic lupus erythematosusa |
| Sjögren’s syndromea |
| Psoriatic arthritis |
| Tuberculosis |
| Hepatitis C |
| Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease |
| Alpha 1 anti-trypsin deficiency |
aMore likely in erosive disease (possible RA overlap syndrome)