Table 1.

Overview of the features of each trigeminal autonomic cephalalgia

Features	Cluster headache	Paroxysmal hemicrania	Hemicrania continua	SUNCT/SUNA
Gender ratio (male to female)	3:1	1:1	1:2	1.5:1
Pain quality	Sharp/stab/throb	Sharp/stab/throb	Baseline—dull pain. During worsenings can be sharp/throb	Sharp/stab/throb
Pain severity	Very severe	Very severe	Baseline—mild to moderate. Worsenings—moderate to severe	Severe
Distribution of maximal pain	V1 > C2 > V2 > V3	V1 > C2 > V2 > V3	V1 > C2 > V2 > V3	V1 > C2 > V2 > V3
Attacks per day	1-8	1-40	Daily in 50%	1-100
Attack duration	15-180 min	2-30 min	30 min to 3 days	1-10 min
Cranial autonomic features	Prominent and ipsilateral to pain	Prominent and ipsilateral to pain	Present during worsenings and can be bilateral	Prominent and ipsilateral to pain
Restlessness during attack	95%	80%	69%	65%
Circadian periodicity	Present	Absent	Absent	Absent
Triggers
Alcohol	+++	+	+	−
Nitroglycerin	+++	+	−	−
Cutaneous	−	−	−	+++
Associated migraine features
Nausea	50%	40%	53%	10%
Photophobia	56%	65%	74%	25%
Phonophobia	43%	65%	79%	25%
Treatment response
Oxygen	Yes	No	No	No
Sumatriptan injection	Yes	Partial	Partial	No
Indomethacin	No	Yes	Yes	No

SUNCT = short-lasting unilateral neuralgiform headache attacks with conjunctival injection and tearing, SUNA = short-lasting unilateral neuralgiform headache attacks with cranial autonomic symptoms