Table 1.

ASIC channels and subunits, and their localization and potential functions and contributions to human disease

ASIC channel type	pH sensitivity (pH50) [21]	Predominant localization	Likely cellular localization	Potential function	References
ASIC1A	5.8–6.8	Central and peripheral nervous systems	Axons, cell bodies, dendrites	Cell death following injury, epilepsy, pain signaling, neuroinflammation, neurodegeneration, fear behavior	[21–35]
ASIC1B	6.1–6.2	Peripheral nervous system	Axons, cell bodies		[21, 36]
ASIC2A	4.5–4.9	Central and peripheral nervous systems	Axons, cell bodies, dendrites	Modulate ASIC1, ASIC2b, and ASIC3 function, autonomic circulatory control	[21, 37–40]
ASIC2B	Associates with other channels to have pH sensitivity	Central and peripheral nervous systems	Axons, axons terminals, cell bodies	Modulate ASIC1 function, autonomic circulatory control, acidosis-induced neuronal death	[37, 38, 41]
ASIC3	6.4–6.6	Peripheral and central nervous systems	Axons, axons terminals, cell bodies	Pain signaling, fear conditioning with exogenous expression, anxiety and aggression	[21, 42–50]
ASIC4	Not pH sensitive	Central nervous system		Fear and anxiety through ASIC1a antagonism	[51]