Fig. 3.

Left: Dependence of buffering pH on the amount of NaHCO₃ (in g/L; inserts) under cell culture conditions at different CO₂ regimes (adapted from Ref. [44]). Right: simplified nomogram for the determination of CO₂ according to the concentration of NaHCO₃ in the medium based on acid-base calculations [45]. The line depicts as an example the normal range of CO₂ and NaHCO₃ concentrations in cell culture conditions.