Table 2.
Chitosan based metallic nanoparticle composites with reference to their mode of action.
| Metallic Nanoparticles | Matrix | Tested microorganisms | In vivo | Properties |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| n Ag | 4-(ethoxycarbonyl) phenyl-1-amino oxobutanoic acid-chitosan (Nanocomposite film) | P.aeruginosa, S. aureus & E. coli | – | Antimicrobial [29] |
| n Ag | Chitosan/sago starch (Nanocomposite film) | – | Open excision wound (Male wistar rats) | Improved Mechanical properties, Antimicrobial, Higher granulation tissue & tensile strength [30] |
| n Ag | Chitosan blended with poly (vinyl alcohol) (Fibrous sheet) | E. coli | – | Antimicrobial, damage to microbial cell membrane permeability and respiration [31] |
| n Ag | PVA/N-carboxymethyl chitosan (Fibrous sheet) | E. coli | – | Antimicrobial [32] |
| n Ag | Chitosan gel | Biofilm of Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) & P.aeruginosa | – | Bactericidal[25] |
| n Ag | Chitosan-Hyaluronic acid (Sponges) | S. aureus, MRSA, P. aeruginosa and Klebsiella pneumonia | Antimicrobial (silver ions inhibits mitochondrial membrane potential and respiratory chain) [26] | |
| n Au | Chitosan (Film) | S.aureus, P.aeurigensoa | Stabilizing agent, Antimicrobial Cell wall interaction and destabilization(Dependent on positive amine groups in chitosan) [60] | |
| n Au | Colloid/Chitosan (Film) | - | – | Higher keratinocyte proliferation [64] |
| n Cu | Chitosan (Nanocomposite) | Open excision wound model (Male wistar rats) | Higher VEGF & TGF-β1- Increased angiogenesis, fibroblast proliferation & collagen deposition. Lesser TNF-α & IL-10- Decreased inflammatory response [69], [70] | |
| n ZnO | Chitosan (Nanocomposite) | E. coli & S. aureus | – | Antimicrobial [84] |
| n ZnO | Chitosan hydrogel (Composite bandages) | E. coli & S. aureus | Open excision wound model (Sprague Dawley) | Antimicrobial, Improved re-epithelialisation & collagen deposition [79] |
| nZnO | Alginate/Chitosan (Sponges) | E. coli, MRSA, S. aureus & C.albicans | – | Antimicrobial [16] |
| nTiO2–chitosan | Collagen (Artificial skin substitute) | - | – | Bactericidal, Immune enhancing (TNF-α, IL-6) [97] |
| Nanorods of TiO2 | Chitosan, poly(N-vinylpyrrolidone) (PVP) | E. coli,S. aureus, P. aeruginosa, B. subtilis | open excision type wounds (Albino rat) | Antibacterial, N-acetylglucosamine, from chitosan degradation contributes fibroblast Proliferation [5], [98] |
| nTiO2 | Chitosan-pectin (Ternary dressing) | E. coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, B. subtilis & A. niger | open excision type wounds (Albino rat) | Antibacterial, Completely regenerated wound with epidermis & dermis [100] |