Table 1.

Census-derived sociodemographic characteristics, water source type, and fuel use in intervention and control sectors. Western Province, Rwanda, 2012.

Characteristics	Intervention (n = 72 sectors)		Control (n = 24 sectors)
	Mean or count	Std dev or %	Mean or count	Std dev or %
Total population	1,854,751	100.0	616,488	100.0
Female	978,973	52.8	323,821	52.5
Children under five	280,442	15.1	94,663	15.4
Rural population	1,625,681	87.6	544,246	88.3
Mean people per square kilometresa	691.6	602.5	683.9	392.0
Household socioeconomic characteristics
Mean size of household	4.5	0.3	4.5	0.2
Own house	350,485	85.8	117,668	87.2
Walls – sundried brick	283,030	69.3	95,933	71.1
Walls – wood/mud	92,864	22.7	29,343	21.7
Roof – iron sheets	193,053	47.3	53,279	39.5
Roof – local tiles	211,544	51.8	80,427	59.6
Owns TV	18,870	4.6	5052	3.7
Owns mobile phone	196065	48.0	62,511	46.3
Owns radio	230,630	56.5	75,937	56.3
Household energy use
Main cooking source – charcoal	35,971	8.8	9123	6.8
Main cooking source – wood	360,637	88.3	121,274	89.8
Main lighting source – candle	42,629	10.4	15,065	11.2
Main lighting source – kerosene	148,098	36.3	47,274	35.0
Main lighting source – electricity	51,203	12.5	13,088	9.7
Water source type
Piped to compound	19,315	4.7	5011	3.7
Public tap	111,950	27.4	33,868	25.1
Protected spring/well	157,405	38.5	59,181	43.8
Surface water	39,144	9.6	11,942	8.8
Household sanitation
Toilet type – Private pit latrine	340,813	83.4	116,054	86.0
Toilet type – Shared pit latrine	43,885	10.7	12,747	9.4
Toilet type – Uses bush	6129	1.5	1337	1.0
Rubbish disposal – bush, farm or river	140,101	34.3	39,817	29.5

Note: Census data includes all households in study sectors-i.e. both eligible (Ubudehe 1 & 2) and ineligible (Ubudehe 3 to 6 households.

^aBased on mean values in each sector.

Source: Ref. [30] Fourth Population and Housing Census, Rwanda, 2012, Main Indicators Report, Kigali: National Institute of Statistics of Rwanda