Table 1.
Maternal demographic and baseline clinical characteristics
| ECC (N = 295) | DCC (N = 154) | p-values | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Maternal age (years) | 32.2 ± 5.9 | 31.1 ± 6.1 | 0.05 |
| Gestational age (weeks) | 35.2 ± 2.9 | 34.5 ± 3.0 | 0.02 |
| Race/Ethnicity | |||
| White, non-Hispanic | 114 (38.6) | 74 (48.1) | |
| White, Hispanic | 111 (37.6) | 54 (35.1) | |
| Others (Black, Asian, or other race) | 70 (23.7) | 26 (16.8) | 0.10 |
| Multigravida | 228 (77.3) | 106 (68.8) | 0.05 |
| Multiparous | 193 (65.4) | 87 (56.5) | 0.06 |
| Monochorionic twins | 58 (19.7) | 32 (20.8) | 0.78 |
| 3 or more multiples | 9 (3.0) | 2 (1.3) | 0.25 |
| Antenatal complications | |||
| PIH | 49 (16.6) | 24 (15.6) | 0.78 |
| GDM | 44 (14.9) | 28 (18.8) | 0.37 |
| Initial hemoglobin (g/dL) | 11.9 ± 1.4 | 11.9 ± 1.3 | 0.58 |
| Initial hematocrit (%) | 35.7 ± 3.8 | 35.7 ± 3.5 | 0.98 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 32.3 ± 5.6 | 32.0 ± 6.4 | 0.64 |
| Anesthesia method | |||
| Local | 4 (1.4) | 3 (1.9) | |
| Epidural/Spinal | 288 (97.6) | 150 (97.4) | |
| General | 3 (1.0) | 1 (0.6) | 0.38 |
| In labor at the time of delivery | 164 (55.6) | 113 (73.4) | < 0.01 |
| Operative delivery | 253 (85.8) | 99 (64.3) | < 0.01 |
| Total fetal weight (g) | 4813.3 ± 1129.7 | 4490.8 ± 1057.2 | < 0.01 |
BMI body mass index, GDM Gestational diabetes mellitus, PIH pregnancy-induced hypertension
The results are reported as the mean ± standard deviation (SD) and frequency (percentage), and p < 0.05 is statistically significant