Table 1.
Patient characteristics in the high-MIF and the low-MIF group
| Entire cohort, n = 62 | MIF ≤ 51.58 ng/ml, n = 31 | MIF > 51.58 ng/ml, n = 31 | p value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Clinical data | ||||
| Age, yearsa | 73.5 (21.0) | 71.0 (23.0) | 77.0 (22.0) | 0.026 |
| Male gender | 26 (41.9) | 14 (45.2) | 12 (38.7) | 0.80 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 27.9 (4.6) | 28.3 (4.9) | 27.5 (4.3) | 0.47 |
| SBP (mmHg)a | 132.5 (23.8) | 132.0 (24.0) | 133.0 (32.0) | 0.21 |
| DBP (mmHg) | 72.5 (13.5) | 73.9 (13.4) | 71.0 (13.7) | 0.48 |
| Dyspnea NYHA III/IV | 36 (58.1) | 11 (35.5) | 25 (80.6) | < 0.001 |
| Comorbidities | ||||
| AF | 32 (51.6) | 13 (41.9) | 19 (61.3) | 0.13 |
| CHD | 34 (54.8) | 13 (41.9) | 21 (67.7) | 0.041 |
| Hypertension | 48 (77.4) | 23 (74.2) | 25 (80.6) | 0.54 |
| Diabetes mellitus | 16 (25.8) | 6 (19.4) | 10 (32.3) | 0.25 |
| CKD | 24 (38.7) | 13 (41.9) | 11 (35.5) | 0.60 |
| COPD | 11 (17.7) | 3 (9.7) | 8 (25.8) | 0.10 |
| Medication | ||||
| Betablocker | 51 (82.3 | 26 (83.9) | 25 (80.6) | 0.74 |
| MRA | 17 (27.4) | 10 (32.3) | 7 (22.6) | 0.39 |
| ACE inhibitor | 33 (53.2) | 19 (61.3) | 14 (45.2) | 0.20 |
| Diuretics | 45 (72.6) | 21 (67.7) | 24 (77.4) | 0.39 |
| Oral anticoagulants | 30 (48.4) | 12 (38.7) | 18 (58.1) | 0.13 |
| Echocardiographic parameters | ||||
| EF (%) | 56.5 (5.5) | 56.3 (5.7) | 56.7 (5.5) | 0.78 |
| LVEDD, cm | 4.9 (0.8) | 5 (0.6) | 4.8 (0.9) | 0.27 |
| PASP (mmHg)a | 36.0 (22.8) | 31.0 (20.0) | 48.0 (20.0) | 0.0017 |
| LAA (cm2) | 24.4 (7.2) | 22.6 (5.2) | 26.2 (8.6) | 0.06 |
| Laboratory values | ||||
| WBC (cells/nl)a | 6.7 (2.8) | 6.2 (2.4) | 7.1 (2.3) | 0.11 |
| Hemoglobin (g/dl) | 12.3 (1.5) | 12.6 (1.3) | 12.4 (1.8) | 0.59 |
| Creatinine (mg/dl)a | 1.2 (0.5) | 1.2 (0.7) | 1.2 (0.4) | 0.65 |
| Urea (mg/dl)a | 21.0 (11.0) | 20.0 (12.0) | 22.0 (10.0) | 1.00 |
| LDH (U/l)a | 248.0 (88.5) | 236.0 (70.0) | 261.0 (119.0) | 0.038 |
| CRP (mg/dl)a | 0.49 (1.2) | 0.49 (0.51) | 0.49 (1.2) | 0.25 |
| BNP (pg/ml)a | 229.8 (284.0) | 134.4 (246.1) | 298 (367.8) | 0.0014 |
| NT-proBNP (pg/ml)a | 1329.0 (3608.8) | 612.0 (1397.0) | 2517.0 (3644.0) | 0.005 |
BMI body mass index, SBP systolic blood pressure, DBP diastolic blood pressure, NYHA New York Heart Association, AF atrial fibrillation, CHD coronary heart disease, CKD chronic kidney disease, COPD chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, MRA mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist, ACEI angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor, EF ejection fraction, LVEDD left ventricular end-diastolic diameter, PASP pulmonary artery systolic pressure, LAA left atrial area, WBC white blood cells, LDH lactate dehydrogenase, CRP c-reactive protein, BNP b-type natriuretic peptide, NT-proBNP amino-terminal pro-b-type natriuretic peptide
aValues represent median (interquartile range)