Table 2.
Biological effects of rTMS
| Articles | rTMS | Source | Effect |
|---|---|---|---|
| Luborzewski 2007 | Left DLPFC, 20 Hz | Major depression Patients (17) | Glutamate↑ |
| Baeken 2011 | Left DLPFC, 10 Hz | Patients with unipolar depression (21) | 5-HT2A receptor binding indices↑ |
| Pogarell 2006, 2007 | Left DLPFC, 10 Hz | Patients with major depressive disorder (5) | Dopamine↑ |
| Cho 2009 | Bilateral DLPFC, 10 Hz | Right-handed young healthy subjects (7) | Left Dopamine↑ |
| Daskalakis 2006 | 1 Hz, 6 Hz, 10 Hz | Healthy subjects (12) | Cortical inhibition ↑ |
| Zheng 2015 | Left DLPFC, 15 Hz | Patients with TRD (32) | N-acetylaspartate ↑ |
| Kang 2016 | Left DLPFC, 10 Hz | Patients with major depressive disorder (24) | DLPFC-left caudate connectivity↓ |
| Richieri 2017 | Left DLPFC, high-frequency | TRD Patients (58) | DLPFC-medial temporal limbic connectivity↑ |
| Downar 2014 | DMPFC, 10 Hz | MDD Patients (47) | Connectivity between Dorsomedial and dorsolateral↑ |
| Taylor 2017 | Left DLPFC, 10 Hz | depressive episodes patients (62) | Clinical depressive phenotype↓ |
| Lenz 2014 | Hippocampal CA1, 10 Hz | Brain slices of mouse | Excitatory postsynaptic currents↑, miniature excitatory synaptic current ↑ |
| Trippe 2009 | 1Hz | Rats(24) | GAD67↓, GAD65↑, GAT-1↑ |
rTMS, repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation; DLPFC, dorsolateral prefrontal cortex; DMPFC, dorsomedial prefrontal cortex; ↑, increased; 5-HT, serotonin; ↓, decreased; GAD, glutamic acid decarboxylase; GAT-1, gamma-aminobutyric acid transporter 1.