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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2019 Jun 1.
Published in final edited form as: J Clin Anesth. 2018 Mar 12;47:12–18. doi: 10.1016/j.jclinane.2018.03.005

Table 3.

Association between epidural use and primary and secondary outcomes among matched patients.

Primary analysis Average relative effect odds ratio* (95% CI)‡ P-value‡
Cardiopulmonary complications/mortality 0.87 (0.68, 1.11) 0.25
Secondary analyses Odds ratio§ (98.75% CI)|| P-value||
Stroke 0.71 (0.23, 2.13) 0.43
Renal complications 1.01 (0.66, 1.55) 0.94
Surgical complications 0.96 (0.85, 1.10) 0.47
Hazard ratio** (98.75% CI)
Time to discharge alivea 1.04 (0.99, 1.08) 0.04
*

Odds ratio estimated using an average relative effect generalized estimating equations model using an unstructured covariance matrix.

‡

Significance criterion of 0.05 was used for the primary analysis.

§

Odds ratios estimated from separate logistic regression models.

||

Significance criterion of 0.0125 used for each secondary analysis (i.e., 0.05/4, Bonferroni).

52 patients removed from analysis due to missing surgical complications data.

**

Hazard ratio estimated using Cox proportional hazards regression. Patients who died before discharge were censored to the longest observed hospital length of stay.

a

9 patients who did not receive an epidural excluded from analysis due to unreported hospital length of stay.