Table 1.
Women had smaller nasal dimensions, more insomnia and a lower Quality of life.
| Baseline Characteristics, Nasal Dimensions, and Sleep Quality (n=810) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| All n= 810 |
Female n (%) 153 (19) |
Male n (%) 657 (81) |
p-value for sex comparison |
|
| Age (year) | 54.5 ± 10.6 | 58.6 ± 9.0 | 53.6 ± 10.8 | <0.001 |
| Current smoker | 21% | 19% | 22% | 0.58 |
| Body mass index (kg/m2) | 33.5 ± 5.7 | 34.1 ± 6.3 | 33.3 ± 5.5 | 0.19 |
| Weight (kg) | 104.3 ± 19.2 | 93.0 ± 17.2 | 106.9 ± 18.7 | <0.001 |
| Hypertension | 57 % | 67 % | 55 % | 0.03 |
| Diabetes | 11 % | 12 % | 11 % | 0.70 |
| Coronary heart disease including coronary heart occlusion, heart failure, or/and stroke | 18 % | 10 % | 20 % | 0.006 |
| Apnoea-hypopnea index | 44.8 ± 20.7 | 42.2 ± 20.0 | 45.4 ± 20.8 | 0.058 |
| Oxygen desaturation index, (4%) | 35.5 ± 20.3 | 32.6 ± 20.5 | 36.2 ± 20.2 | 0.008 |
| Nocturnal nasal obstruction ≥ 3× week | 35% | 37% | 35% | 0.68 |
| TMCA, (cm2) | 1.06 ± 0.31 | 0.94 ± 0.28 | 1.08 ± 0.31 | <0.001 |
| MCA-min, (cm2) | 0.43 ± 0.16 | 0.40 ± 0.15 | 0.44 ± 0.17 | 0.02 |
| TVOL, (cm3) | 4.10 ± 0.81 | 3.48 ± 0.65 | 4.25 ± 0.77 | <0.001 |
| Diff TMCA, (cm2) | 0.19 ± 0.21 | 0.16 ± 0.20 | 0.20 ± 0.22 | 0.02 |
| Diff MCA-min, (cm2) | 0.10 ± 0.12 | 0.08 ± 0.11 | 0.11 ± 0.12 | 0.03 |
| Diff TVOL, (cm3) | 0.21 ± 0.34 | 0.22 ± 0.31 | 0.21 ± 0.35 | 0.30 |
| Nocturnal gastroesophageal reflux ≥ 1× week | 14 % | 18 % | 13 % | 0.006 |
| Initial insomnia, ≥ 3× week | 16 % | 27 % | 13 % | <0.001 |
| Middle insomnia, ≥ 3× week | 58 % | 62 % | 57 % | <0.001 |
| Late insomnia, ≥ 3× week | 28 % | 33 % | 27 % | <0.001 |
| Nocturnal sweating ≥ 3× week | 31 % | 33 % | 31 % | <0.001 |
| Daytime sleepiness (ESS) | 11.7 ± 5.0 | 11.2 ± 5.2 | 11.8 ± 5.0 | 0.23 |
| Mental quality of life (SF-12) | 48.3 ±10.9 | 46.8 ± 11.1 | 48.6 ± 10.8 | 0.048 |
| Physical quality of life (SF-12) | 40.2 ± 10.9 | 35.5 ±10.9 | 41.3 ±10.6 | <0.001 |
ESS: Epworth sleepiness scale
Diff MCA-min: Difference between MCA-min before and after nasal decongestant spray
Diff TMCA: Difference between TMCA before and after nasal decongestant spray
Diff TVOL: Difference between before and after nasal decongestant spray
MCA-min: Minimal cross-sectional area within the smallest nostril of either left or right before decongestant spray
TMCA: Total minimal cross-section area in the nose, left and right nostril combined before nasal decongestant spray
TVOL: Total volume of left and right nasal volume combined before nasal decongestant spray
SF-12: The 12-Item Short Form Health Survey (SF-12) a smaller version of the SF-36v2 Health Survey
Significance in bold.
Numbers given as mean ± SD if not specified and p-values when comparing mean values was calculated with Mann-Whitney U test.
The chi-squared test was used comparisons between nominal data in independent groups (here show in %).