Table 1.

Sponsorship, conflict of interest, risk of bias, and reporting of participant's flow and baseline demographic information in studies that must comply with the US Public Law 110-85 to post the results in clinicaltrials.gov.

Study characteristics	Number of studies	% of total applicable studies
Applicable clinical trial as defined in US Public Law 110-85, Title VIII, Section 801	44,635
Industry involvement in sponsoring the study	27,995	62.7
Principal investigators are employed by sponsoring organization	1910	4.3
Principal investigators are not employed by sponsoring organization	9325	20.9
Employment of principals investigators by sponsoring organization is not reported	33,400	74.8
Risk of bias
Allocation of subjects: randomized	26,635	59.7
Allocation of subjects: non-random	5526	12.4
Allocation of subjects not reported	12,474	27.9
Terminated	3789	8.5
Double-blind study	17,089	38.3
Open Label study	22,748	51.0
Single Blind study	2357	5.3
Masking not reported	2441	5.5
Study design
Phase not reported	6998	15.7
Phase 0	292	0.7
Phase 1	3890	8.7
Phase 1/Phase 2	3063	6.9
Phase 2	14,534	32.6
Phase 2/Phase 3	1051	2.4
Phase 3	9553	21.4
Phase 4	5254	11.8
Participants flow
Reported attrition ( # of subjects not completed the study)	8133	18.2
Reported study discontinuation due to adverse effects	3366	7.5
Baseline patient characteristics
Reported baseline age of enrolled patients	8218	18.4
Both genders enrolled	38,379	86.0
Female studies	3782	8.5
Male studies	1855	4.2
Gender not reported	619	1.4
Reported # of Asian patients	1918	4.3
Reported # of African-American patients	1928	4.3
Reported # of Hispanic patients	486	1.1
Reported # of Native American patients	1481	3.3