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Schematic presentation of the major types of transmembrane signalling systems in bacteria. One-component signalling systems, consisting of sensor and DNA-binding domain (yellow), two-component systems with a membrane-integrated histidine kinase (HK) and a response regulator (RR) (green), and extracytoplasmic function (ECF) sigma factors (σ) that will be released from the anti-sigma factor (anti-σ) upon stimulus perception (blue).
