Estimation of energy charge in adrenergic hormone-deficient embryonic hearts compared with controls.
A–D, steady-state ATP/ADP, ADP/AMP, ATP/AMP, and EC = ([ATP] + 0.5 [ADP])/([ATP] + [ADP] + [AMP]) at E11.5 in adrenergic hormone-competent (●) and adrenergic hormone-deficient littermates (□). Numerical values below the x axes refer to the number (n) of samples analyzed. Student's t test was used to compare means between competent and deficient groups. *, p < 0.05; **, p < 0.01.