Figure 1.

First two axes of principal component analysis run on three dietary indices of 45 extant caniform carnivorans and hyaenids, with extinct canids superimposed. ‘lg. hyper’ denotes large hypercarnivores; ‘sm. hyper’ denotes small hypercarnivores. Species are labelled where space permits. Representative images of lower jaws are included to illustrate extreme ecomorphologies (scaled to the same length; scale bars = 10 mm). Species abbreviations: AAS, Aelurodon asthenostylus; AMC, Aelurodon mcgrewi; AMI, Atelocynus microtis; AST, Aelurodon stirtoni; ATA, Aelurodon taxoides; CAR, Canis armbrusteri; CCR, Crocuta crocuta; CLU, Cynarctoides luskensis; CLE, Conepatus leuconotus; CSA, Cynarctus saxatilis; CTH, Cerdocyon thous; CWE, Carpocyon webbi; EBA, Enhydrocyon basilatus; EBR, Euoplocyon brachygnathus; ECR, Enhydrocyon crassidens; EIN, Ectopocynus intermedius; EHA, Epicyon haydeni; ESP, Euoplocyon spissidens; GGU, Gulo gulo; HBR, Hyaena brunnea; HHY, Hyaena hyaena; LLE, Leptocyon leidyi; LSE, Lycalopex sechurae; LVE, Lycalopex vetulus; MME, Meles meles; MPE, Martes pennanti; NNA, Nasua nasua; NPR, Nyctereutes procyonoides; OCO, Otarocyon cooki; OCU, Oxetocyon cuspidatus; PKE, Paracynarctus kelloggi; PLO, Procyon lotor; PMA, Psalidocyon marianae; PRA, Protepicyon raki; PTA, Phlaocyon taylori; UCI, Urocyon cinereoargenteus; ULI, Urocyon littoralis; UMI, Urocyon minicephalus; VBE, Vulpes bengalensis; VCA, Vulpes cana; VCH, Vulpes chama; VFE, Vulpes ferrilata; VKE, Vulpes kernensis; VZE, Vulpes zerda. Specimen images from Animal Diversity Web (http://www.animaldiversity.org/).