Figure 3.

Protective effects of Nippostrongylus brasiliensis secreted fractions in experimental colitis. Mice received a single intraperitoneal injection of 20 µg protein in PBS 1 day prior to intrarectal administration of 2.5 mg of TNBS in 50% ethanol. (A) Body weight was recorded daily for the indicated groups. (B) Colon length measured after euthanasia at the end of the experiment (day 3). (C) Clinical examination and scoring of mice on day 3, including weight loss, piloerection, feces consistency, and mobility of mice from normal to severely affected (0–3). (D) After euthanasia, colons were visually scored by presence of adhesions, edema, mucosal wall thickening, and ulceration from absent to severe (high) on a scale of 0–3. Data show mean ± SEM of pooled data from two independent trials (n = 10 mice/group). Groups were compared to the PBS + TNBS (colitis) control group by Mann–Whitney U-test. *p < 0.05; **p < 0.01; ***p < 0.001. Data for Trichuris muris (Tm) extracellular vesicles (EVs) were analyzed in a separate independent experiment (see Figure S1 in Supplementary Material) and included only for representation.