Table 1.

Risk factors and predictors of fibrostenosing Crohn’s disease

Clinical[4]	Age at diagnosis < 40 yr
	Perianal disease at diagnosis
	Need for steroids during first flare
	Small bowel disease location
	Prior appendectomy
Environmental[4]	Smoking
Endoscopic[4]	Deep mucosal ulcerations
Genetic[4]	Nucleotide oligomerisation domain 2 (NOD2) variants
	Janus-associated kinase 2 (JAK2)
	Caspase-recruitment domain 15 (CARD15)
	NOD2/CARD15 mutations on both chromosomes
	TNF superfamily 15 (TNFSF15) in Asians
	5T5T in the MMP3 gene
	rs1363670
Serological[4]	Antimicrobial antibodies
	anti-Saccharomyces cerevisiae antibodies (ASCA) IgA in Asians