Table 1.
Children and adolescents characteristics.
| All (1038) | Male (n = 576) | Female (n = 462) | p value (male versus female) | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| MV | SD | Min | Max | MV | SD | Min | Max | MV | SD | Min | Max | ||
| Age (years) | 15.35 | 3.15 | 5.00 | 21.92 | 15.51 | 2.84 | 5.00 | 21.75 | 15.15 | 3.49 | 5.17 | 21.92 | 0.068 |
| Body height (cm) | 162.67 | 13.98 | 102.00 | 191.00 | 167.15 | 13.72 | 104.00 | 191.00 | 157.09 | 12.20 | 102.00 | 178.00 | <0.001 |
| Body weight (Kg) | 57.00 | 14.14 | 15.00 | 96.00 | 61.39 | 14.70 | 15.00 | 96.00 | 51.51 | 11.22 | 18.00 | 75.00 | <0.001 |
| BMI (Kg./m2) | 21.17 | 3.11 | 7.90 | 29.40 | 21.60 | 3.14 | 13.60 | 29.40 | 20.64 | 2.98 | 7.90 | 27.82 | <0.001 |
| Jugulo -symphysis distance (cm) | 47.48 | 4.96 | 28.00 | 74.00 | 49.13 | 4.87 | 28.00 | 74.00 | 45.44 | 4.27 | 28.00 | 56.00 | <0.001 |
| Heart rate (b.p.m.) | 68.43 | 12.17 | 44.00 | 113.00 | 65.49 | 11.83 | 44.00 | 104.00 | 72.09 | 11.60 | 44.00 | 113.00 | <0.001 |
| Peripheral SBP (mmHg) | 111.81 | 9.58 | 81.00 | 135.00 | 114.01 | 9.64 | 89.00 | 135.00 | 109.06 | 8.78 | 81.00 | 134.00 | <0.001 |
| Peripheral MBP (mmHg) | 79.07 | 7.49 | 8.00 | 102.00 | 79.24 | 7.68 | 8.00 | 98.00 | 78.86 | 7.25 | 61.00 | 102.00 | 0.412 |
| Peripheral DBP (mmHg) | 62.71 | 7.51 | 3.00 | 89.00 | 61.97 | 7.17 | 36.00 | 82.00 | 63.63 | 7.84 | 3.00 | 89.00 | <0.001 |
| Peripheral PP (mmHg) | 48.96 | 8.29 | .49 | 86.00 | 51.99 | 8.12 | 31.00 | 86.00 | 45.17 | 6.81 | .49 | 70.00 | <0.001 |
| Central (aortic) SBP (mmHg) | 98.86 | 8.39 | 75.20 | 124.90 | 99.35 | 8.40 | 78.00 | 124.90 | 98.24 | 8.36 | 75.20 | 121.00 | 0.035 |
| Central (aortic) PP (mmHg) | 36.26 | 5.88 | 21.80 | 62.90 | 37.43 | 5.72 | 21.80 | 62.90 | 34.78 | 5.75 | 23.20 | 58.60 | <0.001 |
| Peripheral (brachial) AIx (%) | −1.34 | 7.01 | −85.00 | .60 | −1.64 | 8.12 | −85.00 | .29 | −.96 | 5.31 | −84.00 | .60 | 0.122 |
| cAIx (%) | 9.20 | 8.46 | −12.00 | 45.90 | 6.67 | 7.40 | −7.00 | 36.00 | 12.35 | 8.64 | −12.00 | 45.90 | <0.001 |
| cAIx HR75 (%) | 9.51 | 8.49 | −12.34 | 45.61 | 7.12 | 7.45 | −7.82 | 36.53 | 12.49 | 8.76 | −12.34 | 45.61 | <0.001 |
| Return time (ms) | 173.47 | 21.17 | 14.00 | 310.00 | 178.91 | 19.43 | 85.00 | 230.00 | 166.68 | 21.32 | 14.00 | 310.00 | <0.001 |
| Ejection duration (ms) | 299.06 | 22.73 | 185.00 | 385.00 | 297.90 | 21.09 | 185.00 | 360.00 | 300.49 | 24.59 | 190.00 | 385.00 | 0.068 |
| Ao-PWV (m/s) | 5.50 | .63 | 3.40 | 7.70 | 5.51 | .64 | 3.40 | 7.70 | 5.48 | .62 | 3.90 | 7.70 | 0.607 |
BMI: body mass index. SBP, MBP, DBP, and PP: systolic, mean, diastolic, and pulse blood pressure, respectively. AIx: augmentation index. cAIx and cAIx HR75: central (aortic) augmentation index net value and normalized for heart rate equal 75 beats/minute, respectively. Ao-PWV: Aortic pulse wave velocity. Min and Max: minimal and maximal value, respectively. A p < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.