Table 1.
Demographics and Neuropsychological Tests.
| Measure | Young | Old | Difference (t-test) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Sample Size | 20 (15F) | 20 (13F) | – |
| Age | 21.75 (4.08) | 73.6 (6.2) | – |
| Montreal Cognitive Assessment | 26.71 (2.59) | 26.14 (2.97) | p = 0.543 |
| Benson – Immediate | 17 (0) | 16.75 (0.55) | p = 0.062 |
| Benson – Delayed | 15.33 (2.5) | 11.2 (2.93) | p < 0.001 |
| Benson – Recognition | 1.89 (3.77) | 0.85 (0.37) | p = 0.228 |
| Number Span Forward | 8.94 (2.41) | 8.14 (2.26 | p = 0.292 |
| Number Span Backward | 6.72 (1.49) | 7.14 (2.32) | p = 0.514 |
| Category Fluency – Animal | 23.72 (5.76) | 22.43 (4.63) | p = 0.442 |
| Category Fluency – Vegetable | 13.11 (4.34) | 14.86 (5.09) | p = 0.261 |
| Trails A | 17.94 (5.46) | 30.35 (8.52) | p < 0.001 |
| Trails B | 45.39 (9.3) | 78.95 (32.34) | p < 0.001 |
| MINT – Correct Uncued | 27 (4.2) | 30.19 (1.89) | p = 0.003 |
| MINT – Correct Semantic Cue | 0.72 (0.96) | 0.29 (0.56) | p = 0.086 |
| MINT – Total Correct | 17.21 (14.11) | 22.07 (13.94) | p = 0.256 |
| Verbal Fluency – “F” Words | 15 (4.04) | 16.22 (6.16) | p = 0.562 |
| Verbal Fluency – “L” Words | 14.72 (6.01) | 15 (5.99) | p = 0.83 |
| NAART35 | 16.56 (7.37) | 23.73 (8.3) | p = 0.002 |
| RAVLT – Immediate | 13.72 (1.49) | 10.68 (3.01) | p < 0.001 |
| RAVLT – Delayed | 13.06 (3.6) | 9.73 (3.28) | p = 0.001 |
| RAVLT – Recognition | 13.39 (3.6) | 13.64 (1.84) | p = 0.719 |
| WAIS – Vocabulary | 35.22 (9.13) | 39.52 (9.02) | p = 0.148 |
| Beck Depression Inventory | 7.89 (6.44) | 5.8 (4.66) | p = 0.303 |
| Average Hours Slept (Self-Report) | 7.04 (6.44) | 6.88 (1.43) | p = 0.744 |
| Stress Inventory Score | 7.04 (1.35) | 2.8 (1.74) | p = 0.021 |
Data are presented as mean (SD). MINT = Multilingual Naming Test, NAART = North American Adult Reading Test, RAVLT = Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test, WAIS = Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale. Group differences were assessed via simple pairwise t-tests. Significant differences are bolded.