Figure 8. Smoking in critical windows of development causes epigenetic alterations and is a risk factor for adulthood obesity. BAT: brown adipose tissue; UCP1: uncoupling protein 1; β3-AR: beta 3-adrenergic receptor; TRα1 and TRβ1: thyroid hormones receptors α1 and β1; CPT1a: carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1a; PGC1α: peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-coactivator; VMH: ventromedial nucleus of the hypothalamus; AMPK: AMP-activated protein kinase; pAMPK: phosphorylated AMPK; TH: thyroid hormone.